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Physics /A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 2

A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 2

Physics35 CardsCreated 3 days ago

This deck covers key concepts of biomechanical movement, including types of levers, mechanical advantage and disadvantage, and understanding speed and velocity through distance-time graphs.

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What is the resistance?

A weight to be moved
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the resistance?
A weight to be moved
What is the effort?
Source of energy
What are the three types of levers?
1st, 2nd and 3rd class levers
What acts as the levers?
Bones
What acts as the fulcrum?
Joints
What provides the effort?
Muscles
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A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 2
TermDefinition
What is the resistance?
A weight to be moved
What is the effort?
Source of energy
What are the three types of levers?
1st, 2nd and 3rd class levers
What acts as the levers?
Bones
What acts as the fulcrum?
Joints
What provides the effort?
Muscles
What acts as the resistance?
Weight of body part
Where are each components placed on a first class lever?
The fulcrum is in the middle of effort and the resistance
Describe what a first class lever looks like
The fulcrum is in the middle of the lever arm. It is under the lever arm. Effort and resistance are above the lever and as arrows they are pointing down
Give an example of a first class lever.
Extension of the elbow; Movement of head during flexion and extension
Where are each components placed on a second class lever?
Resistance lies between fulcrum and effort
Describe what a second class lever looks like
Fulcrum placed under lever arm at one end. Effort placed above lever arm and on the other end with arrow pointing up. Resistance is above lever arm and in the middle with arrows pointing down
Give an example of a second class lever
Plantar flexion of the ankle
Where are each components placed on a third class lever?
Effort in middle of the fulcrum and resistance
Describe what a third class lever looks like.
Fulcrum under lever arm on one end. Resistance above lever arm on the other end with arrows pointing down. Effort above lever arm in the middle with arrows pointing up
Give an example of a third class lever
Hip flexion; Knee flexion; Elbow flexion
What does mechanical advantage and disadvantage depend on?
Length of the force arm and resistance arm
What is the effort arm?
Shortest perpendicular distance between fulcrum and effort
What is the resistance arm?
The shortest perpendicular distance between the fulcrum and the resistance
What is mechanical disadvantage?
When the resistance arm is greater than the force arm
What would be the result of mechanical disadvantage?
Lever system can not lift as heavy a load but can do it faster. It will also have a large range of movement
What is mechanical advantage?
When the force arm is longer than the resistance arm
What would be the result of mechanical advantage?
The lever system can move a large load over a short distance and requires little force. However it has a small range of movement and difficult to generate speed and distance
What is the mechanical advantage in second class levers?
Can generate much larger forces as it has to lift the whole body weight
What is the mechanical disadvantage in second class levers?
It is slow with limited range of movement
What is the mechanical advantage in first and third class levers?
Large range of movement and any resistance can be moved quickly
What is the mechanical disadvantage in first and third class levers?
Cannot apply much force to move an object
What is speed?
Speed is a scalar quantity and is defined as ‘the rate of change of a position’
How is speed calculated?
Speed (m/s) = distance covered in metres (m) / time taken in seconds (s)
What is velocity?
Velocity is a vector quantity and refers to how fast a body travels in a certain direction. It is ‘the rate of change of displacement’
How is velocity calculated?
Velocity (m/s) = displacement (m) / time (s)
On a distance time graph, the line remains straight the entire way through. What is happening?
The line does not go up or down. This means no distance has travelled because the performer is stationary
On a distance time graph, the line goes straight up at an angle. What is happening?
The direction of the line is constantly diagonal. This means the distance travelled is changing at a constant rate and at the same speed
On a distance time graph, the line gradually curves up. What is happening?
The curve gradually gets steeper. More distance is covered in a certain amount of time. The performer is accelerating
In a distance time graph, the line gradually slows after increasing. What is happening?
The curve levels off and so less distance is covered in a certain amount of time. The performer is decelerating