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Physics /A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 5

A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 5

Physics30 CardsCreated 3 days ago

This deck covers key concepts of biomechanical movement, focusing on moment of inertia, angular momentum, projectile motion, and fluid mechanics as they relate to sports and physical activities.

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How is moment of inertia affected by mass of the object?

The greater the mass, the greater the resistance to change and therefore the greater the moment of inertia
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
How is moment of inertia affected by mass of the object?
The greater the mass, the greater the resistance to change and therefore the greater the moment of inertia
How is moment of inertia affected by distribution of mass from axis of rotation?
The closer the mass to the axis of rotation, the smaller the inertia. Thus, the easier it is to rotate . Increasing the distance of the distribution o...
What is angular momentum equal to?
Angular velocity x moment of inertia
What is conservation of angular momentum?
When a body will keep on spinning or rotating unless forces act upon it.
What happens when mass moves closer to the axis of rotation?
The moment of inertia decreases and angular velocity increases because angular momentum is conserved
What happens when mass moves away from the axis of rotation?
The moment of inertia increases and angular velocity decreases because angular momentum is conserved
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A-Level PE AQA Biomechanical Movement Part 5
TermDefinition
How is moment of inertia affected by mass of the object?
The greater the mass, the greater the resistance to change and therefore the greater the moment of inertia
How is moment of inertia affected by distribution of mass from axis of rotation?
The closer the mass to the axis of rotation, the smaller the inertia. Thus, the easier it is to rotate . Increasing the distance of the distribution of mass from the axis of rotation will increase moment of inertia, but make rotation slower
What is angular momentum equal to?
Angular velocity x moment of inertia
What is conservation of angular momentum?
When a body will keep on spinning or rotating unless forces act upon it.
What happens when mass moves closer to the axis of rotation?
The moment of inertia decreases and angular velocity increases because angular momentum is conserved
What happens when mass moves away from the axis of rotation?
The moment of inertia increases and angular velocity decreases because angular momentum is conserved
What is projectile motion?
Refers to movement of either an object or the human body as it travels through the air
What factors affect the horizontal displacement of a projectile?
. Angle of release . Velocity of release . Height of release
What is the angle of release dependent on?
Dependent on height of release and landing
What is the angle of release when release height and landing is the same?
45 degrees
What is the angle of release when release height is greater than landing height?
Less than 45 degrees
What is the angle of release when release height is below landing height?
Greater than 45 degrees
What is fluid mechanics?
The study of an object or human body that travels through liquid or gas
What is dynamic fluid force?
Concerned with the movement of liquids and gases
Effects of dynamic fluid force?
Drag and lift
What is drag?
. Slows something down . Resistance form . Caused by a body travelling through a liquid . Acts in opposition to direction of motion . Has a negative effect on velocity
What are the two types of drag?
Surface drag and form drag
What is surface drag?
Friction between surface of an object and the fluid environment
How do swimmers reduce surface drag?
Swimmers wear specialised smooth suits, caps and shave off body hair. This makes them smooth and squash fleshy areas so as to become more streamlined. This reduces surface drag and increases velocity
What is form drag?
Relates to the impact of the fluid environment on an object. Forces affecting the leading edge of an object increases form drag. Forces affecting the trailing edge of an object reduces form drag
How do cyclists reduce form drag?
Cyclists get behind the first rider. Air passes around first rider and so form drag is reduced for second rider and they will require less energy
What is streamlining?
. Shaping a body so it can move through fluid effectively and quickly . Streamlined bodies incorporate a ‘gradual taper’ . The streamlined shape allows air to move past in layers . Enables air to flow smoothly . Reduces fluid drag
What is turbulent flow?
Flow in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations, or mixing, constantly undergoing changes in magnitude and direction. It increases friction and fluid drag and decreases velocity
What is laminar flow?
Layers of fluid flow and slide smoothly over one another. They undertake smooth paths, or layers. Less resistant to movement
What factors increase or reduce drag?
. Velocity of moving body . Cross - sectional area of moving body . Shape/surface of moving body
What is the effect of the velocity on the moving body?
The greater the velocity of a body through a fluid, the greater the drag force; In sports that are very quick, it is important to reduce the effects of drag; This is done by streamlining as much as possible
Describe 4 ways cyclists reduce drag?
Helmet -> designed to encourage laminar flow; Bike -> lightweight carbon fibre frame, aerodynamic features; Body position -> head over bars, low over front wheel, arms tucked; Clothing -> compressed clothing
What is the effect of the cross sectional area of the moving body?
The cross sectional area of a moving body can reduce or increase drag; A large cross sectional area will increase drag; In some sports reducing effects of drag is essential for success
Describe 2 ways a skier can reduce their cross sectional area?
. Position: reducing cross sectional area by crouching low . Position: reducing cross sectional area by tucking arms in
What are the effects of the shale and surface characteristics of the moving body?
A more streamlined, aerodynamic shape reduces drag; Sports scientists are regularly trailing drag-resistant clothing; This helps competitors with ‘marginal gains’