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Biology IB HL - 11.2 Movement Part 2
This deck covers key concepts related to the movement of the elbow joint, the role of muscles, and the specialized muscles in insects. It includes definitions, functions, and interactions of bones and muscles.
What are the 3 bones in the elbow joint?
humerus; radius; ulna
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What are the 3 bones in the elbow joint?
humerus; radius; ulna
What is the function of the humerus?
anchors muscle (muscle origin)
What is the role of the radius?
acts as a forearm lever for biceps
What is the role of the ulna?
acts as a forearm lever for triceps
What are the 2 muscles involved in the elbow joint?
biceps | triceps
What is the role of the biceps?
bends the forearm (flexion)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the 3 bones in the elbow joint? | humerus; radius; ulna |
What is the function of the humerus? | anchors muscle (muscle origin) |
What is the role of the radius? | acts as a forearm lever for biceps |
What is the role of the ulna? | acts as a forearm lever for triceps |
What are the 2 muscles involved in the elbow joint? | biceps | triceps |
What is the role of the biceps? | bends the forearm (flexion) |
What is the role of triceps? | straightens the forearm (extension) |
How do muscles provide movement? (breif) | muscles connect to bones (via tendons) and contract to provide the force required to produce movement |
Where do muscles connect to? 2 points? | The muscle connects a static bone (point of origin) to a moving bone (point of insertion) |
What do skeletal muscles exist in? | Skeletal muscles exist in antagonistic pairs (when one contracts, the other relaxes) to enable opposing movements |
What are examples of movements by antagonistic pairs? | Opposing movements may include: flexion vs extension, abduction vs adduction, protraction vs retraction, etc. |
What types of specialised muscles do insects have? Give an example. | Many types of insects (including grasshoppers and praying mantises) have hind legs that are specialised for jumping |
How is the hind leg of an insect divided? | The jointed exoskeleton of the hind leg is divided into three parts: femur (upper leg), tibia (middle leg) and tarsus (lower leg) |
How are the femur and tibia connected in an insect? | The femur and tibia are connected by two antagonistic muscles: flexor tibiae muscle and extensor tibiae muscle |
How do the tibia and femur interact in an insect hind leg? | When the flexor muscle contracts, the extensor muscle relaxes and the tibia and femur are brought closer together |
What does the relaxation of the extensor muscles and the contraction of the flexor muscle cause in insects? | This retracts the hind quarters in preparation for pushing off the ground |
How does an insect prepare to jump | When the extensor muscle contracts, the flexor muscle relaxes and the tibia is pushed away from the femur
This extends the hindquarters and causes the insect to jump |
What do skeletal muscles consist of? | Skeletal muscles consist of tightly packaged muscular bundles (fascicles) surrounded by connective tissue (perimysium) |
What does each muscular bundle contain? | Each bundle contains multiple muscle fibres, which are formed when individual muscle cells fuse together |
What do muscle fibres contain? | Muscle fibres contain tubular myofibrils that run the length of the fibre and are responsible for muscular contraction |