StudyXY
RegisterLog in
Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Biology IB HL - 6.1 Digestion Part 1

Biology IB HL - 6.1 Digestion Part 1

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts of the human digestive system, including the structure and function of its organs, the process of digestion, and the roles of various digestive components.

PrintEmbedImportReport

What are the 2 major groups of organs which comprise the human digestive system?

alimentary canal and accessory organs
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/25

Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the 2 major groups of organs which comprise the human digestive system?
alimentary canal and accessory organs
What does the alimentary canal consist of?
The alimentary canal consists of organs through which food actually passes (oesophagus, stomach, small & large intestine)
What are the accessory organs?
salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
What is the difference between alimentary canal an accessory organs?
Food passes through alimentary canal, but accessory organs aid in digestion but do not actually transfer food
What is the structure of the oesophagus?
A hollow tube connecting the oral cavity to the stomach (separated from the trachea by the epiglottis)
What is the role of the oesophagus?
Food is mixed with saliva and then is moved in a bolus via the action of peristalsis
Log in to view all terms

Related Flashcard Decks

Biology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 3 - Ethics and Deviance in Sport

These flashcards describe key performance-enhancing methods, including blood doping—a technique used to increase red blood cell count and oxygen-carrying capacity, commonly by endurance athletes—and anabolic steroids, which boost strength, aggression, and training capacity. They highlight how these methods aim to enhance performance, often through artificial physiological manipulation.

21 cards
View Deck
Biology

A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Energy for Exercise

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts of cellular energy, including ATP as the primary energy source for muscular contraction, the role of the enzyme ATPase in ATP breakdown, and the definition of exothermic reactions that release energy. They provide a concise overview of how energy is produced and utilized in biological systems.

47 cards
View Deck
Biology

3MB Psychiatry: Neurobiology of Mood

This flashcard set explains the brain’s appetitive (approach) and aversive (defensive) mood systems, describing how they drive behaviour toward reward or avoidance of threat, and identifies the key neurotransmitters associated with each—dopamine for approach and serotonin for avoidance.

8 cards
View Deck
Biology

Psychology - Chapter 3 Biological Psychology Part 3

This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 3 of Biological Psychology, focusing on brain structures and their functions, including the occipital lobe, limbic system, brain stem, and nervous systems.

23 cards
View Deck
Biology

Psychology - Chapter 3 Biological Psychology Part 2

This flashcard deck covers key concepts from Chapter 3 of Biological Psychology, focusing on neurotransmitters, brain structures, and their functions.

25 cards
View Deck
Biology

Animal Behaviour - Applied Cat Ethology

In applied cat ethology, behavioural genetics are primarily inherited through the paternal line. This means certain behavioural traits, such as temperament or sociability, can be strongly influenced by the genetics of the sire (father).

56 cards
View Deck

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
Biology IB HL - 6.1 Digestion Part 1
TermDefinition
What are the 2 major groups of organs which comprise the human digestive system?
alimentary canal and accessory organs
What does the alimentary canal consist of?
The alimentary canal consists of organs through which food actually passes (oesophagus, stomach, small & large intestine)
What are the accessory organs?
salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gall bladder
What is the difference between alimentary canal an accessory organs?
Food passes through alimentary canal, but accessory organs aid in digestion but do not actually transfer food
What is the structure of the oesophagus?
A hollow tube connecting the oral cavity to the stomach (separated from the trachea by the epiglottis)
What is the role of the oesophagus?
Food is mixed with saliva and then is moved in a bolus via the action of peristalsis
What is the structure of the stomach?
A temporary storage tank where food is mixed by churning and protein digestion begins
What is the stomach lined with?
It is lined by gastric pits that release digestive juices, which create an acidic environment (pH ~2)
What is the structure and role of the small intestine?
A long, highly folded tube where usable food substances (nutrients) are absorbed
What are the 3 sections of the small intestine?
Consists of three sections – the duodenum, jejunum and ileum
What is the structure of the large intestine?
Consists of the ascending / transverse / descending / sigmoidal colon, as well as the rectum
What is the role of the large intestine?
The final section of the alimentary canal, where water and dissolved minerals (i.e. ions) are absorbed
What is the structure of the salivary glands?
Salivary glands include the parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland
What is the role of the salivary glands?
Release saliva to moisten food and contains enzymes (e.g. amylase) to initiate starch breakdown
What is the role of the pancreas?
Produces a broad spectrum of enzymes that are released into the small intestine via the duodenum
What, apart from enzymes, does the pancreas secrete?
Also secretes certain hormones (insulin, glucagon), which regulate blood sugar concentrations
What is the overall role of the liver?
Takes the raw materials absorbed by the small intestine and uses them to make key chemicals
What are the 5 main functions of the liver?
Its role includes detoxification, storage, metabolism, bile production and haemoglobin breakdown
What is the role of the gall bladder?
The gall bladder stores the bile produced by the liver (bile salts are used to emulsify fats)
Where is bile stored and where is it released into?
Bile stored in the gall bladder is released into the small intestine via the common bile duct
Learn how to draw the digestive system
How is food digested? (methods)
Food can be digested by a combination of two methods – mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
What is mechanical digestion?
In mechanical digestion, food is physically broken down into smaller fragments via the acts of chewing (mouth), churning (stomach) and segmentation (small intestine)
Where is food initially broken down mechanically?
Food is initially broken down in the mouth by the grinding action of teeth (chewing or mastication)
How does the bolus move to the stomach?
The tongue pushes the food towards the back of the throat, where it travels down the esophagus as a bolus