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Biology IB HL - 6.1 Digestion Part 6

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the digestive system, focusing on peristalsis, the pancreas, and the role of various enzymes in digestion.

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What is the purpose of circular muscles in peristalsis?

This prevents the food moving backwards towards the mouth
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the purpose of circular muscles in peristalsis?
This prevents the food moving backwards towards the mouth
What do longitudinal muscles do in peristalsis?
Longitudinal muscles contract to reduce the length of that section the oesophagus or the small intestine
What is the purpose of longitudinal muscles in peristalsis?
This forces the food forwards through the alimentary canal
What happens when the bolus is moved via peristalsis? Where does it end up?
Once the bolus has reached the stomach, it is churned into a less solid form, called chyme, which continues on to the small intestine
What helps the movement of the bolus in peristalsis?
Mucus is produced to continually lubricate the food mass and reduce friction
Where is peristalsis faster?
In the small intestine peristalsis is slow compared to the peristalsis that occurs in the oesophagus.
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Biology IB HL - 6.1 Digestion Part 6
TermDefinition
What is the purpose of circular muscles in peristalsis?
This prevents the food moving backwards towards the mouth
What do longitudinal muscles do in peristalsis?
Longitudinal muscles contract to reduce the length of that section the oesophagus or the small intestine
What is the purpose of longitudinal muscles in peristalsis?
This forces the food forwards through the alimentary canal
What happens when the bolus is moved via peristalsis? Where does it end up?
Once the bolus has reached the stomach, it is churned into a less solid form, called chyme, which continues on to the small intestine
What helps the movement of the bolus in peristalsis?
Mucus is produced to continually lubricate the food mass and reduce friction
Where is peristalsis faster?
In the small intestine peristalsis is slow compared to the peristalsis that occurs in the oesophagus.
What is the purpose of peristalsis in the small intestine?
. It also aids digestion by churning up the food with enzymes as it pushes it along the gut
What two types of tissue is the pancreas made up of?
The pancreas is a gland made up of two types of tissue The first type of tissue secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood The second type of tissue synthesises and secretes digestive enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine
How are enzymes produced in the pancreas?
Enzymes are synthesised on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They are then processed within the Golgi apparatus before being secreted by exocytosis into the lumen of the small intestine
What stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes?
Secretion of pancreatic enzymes is stimulated by the release of hormones into the stomach and intestines in response to ingestion of food
What is secretion of pancreatic enzymes controlled by? i.e what system
This is an automatic response of the autonomic nervous system
What enzymes are found in pancreatic juice?
The enzymes found in pancreatic juice include amylase, lipase, phospholipase, and protease enzymes.
Where are digestive enzymes produced?
Digestive enzymes are produced in specialised gland cells which are known as acinar cells
How are acinar cells arranged?
These cells are located in clusters around the ends of tubes called ducts
What do the ducts join together to make?
Ducts join together to form larger ducts and eventually, one pancreatic duct
What is the role of the pancreatic duct?
This is where the pancreatic juices, containing enzymes, are secreted into the duodenum of the small intestine
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
Enzymes are required to carry out the hydrolysis reactions required to digest large insoluble macromolecules into small, soluble, monomers
What is the role of amylase?
for the partial digestion of starch into maltose
What is the role of lipase?
for digestion of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol/monoglycerides
What is the role of phospholipase?
for digestion of phospholipids into fatty acids, glycerol and phosphate
What is the role of protease?
for the partial digestion of proteins and polypeptides into shorter peptides
Where can enzymes be produced apart from the pancreas?
As well as those enzymes found in pancreatic juices, enzymes are also produced in the walls of the small intestine
What is the role of the enzymes secreted by the small intestine?
These enzymes break the products of pancreatic enzyme digestion down into monomers, e.g.
What are 5 enzymes secreted by the small intestine?
Nucleases; Lactase; Sucrase; Maltase; Dipeptidase
What is the role of nuclease?
break down nucleic acids