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Biology IB HL - 6.1 Digestion Part 7

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers the roles of various enzymes in the digestion process, their locations, and the breakdown of different macromolecules in the digestive system.

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What is the role of lactase?

digests lactose
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the role of lactase?
digests lactose
What is the role of sucrase?
digests sucrose
What is role of maltase?
digests maltose
What is the role of dipeptidase?
digests dipeptides
In what two ways can enzymes be located in the small intestine?
Some enzymes are secreted from the epithelial cells into the intestinal lumen with partially digested food; Other enzymes e.g. maltase, are immobilise...
What are enzymes attached to the membrane of epithelial cells categorised as?
These enzymes are examples of integral proteins
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Biology IB HL - 6.1 Digestion Part 7
TermDefinition
What is the role of lactase?
digests lactose
What is the role of sucrase?
digests sucrose
What is role of maltase?
digests maltose
What is the role of dipeptidase?
digests dipeptides
In what two ways can enzymes be located in the small intestine?
Some enzymes are secreted from the epithelial cells into the intestinal lumen with partially digested food; Other enzymes e.g. maltase, are immobilised and are attached to the membrane of the epithelial cells where they digest substrate molecules as the food is forced through the small intestine
What are enzymes attached to the membrane of epithelial cells categorised as?
These enzymes are examples of integral proteins
What substances may remain undigested?
Some substances that we consume, such as cellulose, may remain undigested as humans are unable to produce the enzymes required
What two types of enzymes accosiated with protein digestion do pancreatic juices contain?
Pancreatic juice contains endopeptidases and exopeptidases
What is the role of endopeptidases?
Endopeptidases hydrolyse peptide bonds within polypeptide chains to produce dipeptides
What is the role of exopeptidases?
Exopeptidases hydrolyse peptide bonds at the ends of polypeptide chains to produce dipeptides
What enzyme involved in protein digestion is found in the small intestine? What is its role?
Lastly, there are dipeptidase enzymes found within the cell surface membrane of the epithelial cells in the small intestine. These enzymes hydrolyse dipeptides into amino acids which are released into the cytoplasm of the cell
What happens when fatty liquid arrives in the small intestine?
When fatty liquid arrives in the small intestine bile (containing bile salts), which has been made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, is secreted
How does bile interact with the fatty liquid?
The bile salts bind to the fatty liquid and break the fatty droplets into smaller ones via emulsification
What is the role of emulsification?
Emulsification helps to increase the surface area of the fatty droplets for action of digestive enzymes
Where does the digestion of lipids take place?
The digestion of lipids takes place solely in the lumen of the small intestine
What are lipids broken down into?
Lipase enzymes break down lipids to glycerol and fatty acids
What can lipids be alternatively broken down into?
Lipids can also be broken down into monoglycerides and fatty acids
Where are lipase enzymes produced?
Lipase enzymes are produced in the pancreas and secreted into the small intestine
What is starch made of?
Starch is a macromolecule made up of many α-glucose molecules bonded together in condensation reactions
What are the 2 main forms of starch?
Amylose | Amylopectin
What bonds does amylose contain?
an unbranched molecule containing 1-4 glycosidic bonds only
What bonds does amylopectin contain?
a branched molecule with 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Where does the digestion of starch begin?
The digestion of starch begins in the mouth and the small intestine with the enzyme amylase
What is amylase?
Amylase is a carbohydrase that is made in the salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine
What is the role of amylase?
It hydrolyses the 1,4 glycosidic bonds found in both amylose and amylopectin