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Biology IB HL - 6.2 The Blood System Part 1

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers the key concepts of the circulatory system as understood today, based on William Harvey's discoveries. It includes the structure and function of various blood vessels, the role of arterial layers, and the mechanics of blood flow.

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Who developed today’s understanding of the circulatory system?

Our modern understanding of circulatory system is based upon the discoveries of 17th century English physician, William Harvey
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Who developed today’s understanding of the circulatory system?
Our modern understanding of circulatory system is based upon the discoveries of 17th century English physician, William Harvey
Where were Harvey’s findings published?
Harvey’s findings were published in a book commonly called De Motu Cordis – On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
Whose findings were popular before Harvey?
Prior to Harvey’s findings, scientists held to the antiquated views of the Greek philosopher Galen, who believed that:
What 3 things did Galen believe?
Arteries and veins were separate blood networks (except where they connected via invisible pores) Veins were thought to pump natural blood (which was ...
What 3 findings did Harvey state?
Arteries and veins were part of a single connected blood network (he did not predict the existence of capillaries however) Arteries pumped blood from ...
What are the different types of blood vessel present in the body?
Arteries; Arterioles; Capillaries; Venules; Veins
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Biology IB HL - 6.2 The Blood System Part 1
TermDefinition
Who developed today’s understanding of the circulatory system?
Our modern understanding of circulatory system is based upon the discoveries of 17th century English physician, William Harvey
Where were Harvey’s findings published?
Harvey’s findings were published in a book commonly called De Motu Cordis – On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
Whose findings were popular before Harvey?
Prior to Harvey’s findings, scientists held to the antiquated views of the Greek philosopher Galen, who believed that:
What 3 things did Galen believe?
Arteries and veins were separate blood networks (except where they connected via invisible pores) Veins were thought to pump natural blood (which was believed to be produced by the liver) Arteries were thought to pump heat (produced by the heart) via the lungs (for cooling – like bellows)
What 3 findings did Harvey state?
Arteries and veins were part of a single connected blood network (he did not predict the existence of capillaries however) Arteries pumped blood from the heart (to the lungs and body tissues) Veins returned blood to the heart (from the lungs and body tissues)
What are the different types of blood vessel present in the body?
Arteries; Arterioles; Capillaries; Venules; Veins
How do the vessels differ? (general)
Each type of blood vessel has a specialised structure that relates to the function of that vessel
What is the function of arteries?
Arteries transport blood away from the heart at high pressure
Where does blood travel from the ventricles?
Blood travels from the ventricles to the tissues of the body
What 3 layers do artery walls consist of?
tunic intima; tunica media; tunica externa
What is the tunica intima and what is composed of?
The tunica intima is the innermost layer and is made up of an endothelial layer, a layer of connective tissue and a layer of elastic fibres
Describe the endothelium/tunica intima? (thickness - why is it smooth?)
The endothelium is one cell thick and lines the lumen of all blood vessels. It is very smooth and reduces friction for free blood flow
What is the composition of the tunica media?
The tunica media is made up of smooth muscle cells and a thick layer of elastic tissue
What is the thickness of the tunia media in arteries?
Arteries have a thick tunica media
Why is the tunica media thick for arteries?
The layer of muscle cells strengthen the arteries so they can withstand high pressure Blood leaves the heart under high pressure
What can also control the diameter of the lumen of arteries?
Muscles cells/fibres can also contract or relax to control the diameter of the lumen and regulate blood pressure Muscle fibres can also contract to narrow the lumen, which increases the pressure between pumps and helps to maintain blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
What is the role of elastic tissue in arteries?
The elastic tissue helps to maintain blood pressure in the arteries. It stretches and recoils to even out fluctuations in pressure
What is the composition of the tunica externa?
The tunica externa covers the exterior of the artery and is mostly made up of collagen
What is the role of collagen in artery structure?
Collagen is a strong protein and protects blood vessels from damage by over-stretching
What is the lumen like in arteries?
Arteries have a narrow lumen which helps to maintain a high blood pressure
Why is a pulse present? What is it?
Blood is expelled from the heart upon ventricular contraction and flows through the arteries in repeated surges called pulses A pulse is present in arteries due to blood leaving the heart under high pressure
What is the role of muscle fibres in the arterial wall?
The muscle fibres help to form a rigid arterial wall that is capable of withstanding the high blood pressure without rupturing
What is elastic recoil?
The pressure exerted on the arterial wall is returned to the blood when the artery returns to its normal size (elastic recoil)
What is the role of elastic recoil?
The elastic recoil helps to push the blood forward through the artery as well as maintain arterial pressure between pump cycles
What are arterioles?
Arterioles branch off from arteries forming narrower blood vessels which transport blood into capillaries