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Biology IB HL - 6.6 Homeostasis Part 5

Biology20 CardsCreated 19 days ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the menstrual cycle and in vitro fertilization (IVF) processes, focusing on hormonal changes and their effects.

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What is the role of progesterone (2)?

thickens uterine lining (endometrium) inhibits FSH and LH
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the role of progesterone (2)?
thickens uterine lining (endometrium) inhibits FSH and LH
What are the 4 key events of the menstrual cycle?
There are four key events that comprise a typical menstrual cycle: follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase and menstruation
How can the 4 key events be distinguished? MC
These events are distinguished by changes to hormonal levels, follicular development and the status of the endometrium
1.1 Follicular Phase - What hormone is first secreted?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of ovarian follicles
1.2 Follicular Phase - What does the dominant follicle produce?
The dominant follicle produces estrogen, which inhibits FSH secretion (negative feedback) to prevent other follicles growing
1.3 Follicular Phase - What does estrogen do at this stage?
Estrogen acts on the uterus to stimulate the thickening of the endometrial layer
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Biology IB HL - 6.6 Homeostasis Part 5
TermDefinition
What is the role of progesterone (2)?
thickens uterine lining (endometrium) inhibits FSH and LH
What are the 4 key events of the menstrual cycle?
There are four key events that comprise a typical menstrual cycle: follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase and menstruation
How can the 4 key events be distinguished? MC
These events are distinguished by changes to hormonal levels, follicular development and the status of the endometrium
1.1 Follicular Phase - What hormone is first secreted?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of ovarian follicles
1.2 Follicular Phase - What does the dominant follicle produce?
The dominant follicle produces estrogen, which inhibits FSH secretion (negative feedback) to prevent other follicles growing
1.3 Follicular Phase - What does estrogen do at this stage?
Estrogen acts on the uterus to stimulate the thickening of the endometrial layer
2.1 Ovulation - What does estrogen do MIDWAY through the cycle?
Midway through the cycle (~ day 12), estrogen stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete hormones (positive feedback)
2.2 Ovulation - What does positive feedback lead to?
This positive feedback results in a large surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and a lesser surge of FSH
2.3 Ovulation - What does LH cause the dominant follicle to do?
LH causes the dominant follicle to rupture and release an egg (secondary oocyte) – this is called ovulation
3.1 Luteal Phase - What happens to the ruptured follicle?
The ruptured follicle develops into a slowly degenerating corpus luteum
3.2 Luteal Phase - What does the corpus luteum secrete?
The corpus luteum secretes high levels of progesterone, as well as lower levels of oestrogen
3.3 Luteal Phase - What is the role of the hormones secreted by the corpus luteum (effect on UTERUS)?
Estrogen and progesterone act on the uterus to thicken the endometrial lining (in preparation for pregnancy)
3.4 Luteal Phase - What is the role of the hormones secreted by the corpus luteum (effect on HORMONES)?
Estrogen and progesterone also inhibit secretion of FSH and LH, preventing any follicles from developing
4.1. Menstruation - What occurs if fertilisation occurs?
If fertilisation occurs, the developing embryo will implant in the endometrium and release hormones to sustain the corpus luteum
4.2. Menstruation - What happens if fertilisation DOESN'T occur?
If fertilisation doesn’t occur, the corpus luteum eventually degenerates (forming a corpus albicans after ~ 2 weeks)
4.3. Menstruation - What happens when the corpus luteum degenerates?
When the corpus luteum degenerates, estrogen and progesteron levels drop and the endometrium can no longer be maintained
4.4. Menstruation - What is shed due to the drop in estrogen and progesterone levels?
The endometrial layer is sloughed away and eliminated from the body as menstrual blood (i.e. a woman’s period)
4.5. Menstruation - What causes the cycle to repeat?
As estrogen and progesterone levels are too now low to inhibit the anterior pituitary, the cycle can now begin again
Very general, what is IVF?
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) refers to fertilisation that occurs outside of the body (in vitro = 'in glass’) It involves using drugs to suspend normal ovulation (down regulation), before using hormone treatments to collect multiple eggs (superovulation)
What are the 4 stages of IVF?
down regulation; superovulation; fertilisation; implantation