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Biology IB HL - 8.2 Cell Respiration Part 5

Biology18 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts of cell respiration, focusing on ATP production, mitochondrial structure, and electron transport processes.

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Where are the ATP molecules produced, that are not produced by substrate level phosphorylation?

The remaining ATP is produced indirectly via the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Where are the ATP molecules produced, that are not produced by substrate level phosphorylation?
The remaining ATP is produced indirectly via the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
What is the net total of ATP formed in glycolysis?
A net total of 2 ATP are produced in glycolysis via substrate level phosphorylation (four are produced, but two are consumed)
What is the net total of ATP formed in krebs?
further 2 ATP are similarly produced in the Krebs cycle (one ATP per cycle – two cycles occur per glucose molecule)
What is the net total of ATP formed in ETC?
Lastly, 32 ATP are produced in the electron transport chain using energy from hydrogen carriers (oxidative phosphorylation)
What can cause ATP yield to differ?
Hydrogen carriers produce different amounts of ATP depending on where they donate electrons to the transport chain
How many ATP molecules do NADH carriers 'produce'?
NADH molecules located in the matrix donate electrons to the start of the chain and produce 3 ATP per hydrogen carrier
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Biology IB HL - 8.2 Cell Respiration Part 5
TermDefinition
Where are the ATP molecules produced, that are not produced by substrate level phosphorylation?
The remaining ATP is produced indirectly via the electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
What is the net total of ATP formed in glycolysis?
A net total of 2 ATP are produced in glycolysis via substrate level phosphorylation (four are produced, but two are consumed)
What is the net total of ATP formed in krebs?
further 2 ATP are similarly produced in the Krebs cycle (one ATP per cycle – two cycles occur per glucose molecule)
What is the net total of ATP formed in ETC?
Lastly, 32 ATP are produced in the electron transport chain using energy from hydrogen carriers (oxidative phosphorylation)
What can cause ATP yield to differ?
Hydrogen carriers produce different amounts of ATP depending on where they donate electrons to the transport chain
How many ATP molecules do NADH carriers 'produce'?
NADH molecules located in the matrix donate electrons to the start of the chain and produce 3 ATP per hydrogen carrier
How many ATP molecules does cytosolic NADH 'produce'?
Cytosolic NADH (from glycolysis) donate electrons later in the chain and only produce 2 ATP per hydrogen carrier
How many ATP molecules does cytosolic FADH2 'produce'?
FADH2 also donates electrons later in the chain and so only produce 2 ATP per hydrogen carrier
DO prokaryotes have mitochondria?
All eukaryotic cells possess mitochondria – aerobic prokaryotes use the cell membrane to perform oxidative phosphorylation
What are the 5 key structures of the mitochondria?
outer membrane; inner membrane; cristae; intermembrane space; matrix
How is the outer membrane adapted to its function?
Outer membrane – the outer membrane contains transport proteins that enable the shuttling of pyruvate from the cytosol
How is the inner membrane adapted to its function?
Inner membrane – contains the electron transport chain and ATP synthase (used for oxidative phosphorylation)
How are the cristae adapted to its function?
the inner membrane is arranged into folds (cristae) that increase the SA:Vol ratio (more available surface)
How is the intermembrane space adapted to its function?
small space between membranes maximises hydrogen gradient upon proton accumulation
How is the matrix adapted to its function?
central cavity that contains appropriate enzymes and a suitable pH for the Krebs cycle to occur
When will the electron micrograph of a mitochondrion differ?
Electron micrographs of a mitochondrion may differ in appearance depending on where the cross-section occurs
What 4 features should a electron micrograph of a mitochondrion show?
Usually sausage-shaped in appearance (though will appear more rounded in perpendicular cross-sections) Inner membrane contains many internal protrusions (cristae) Intermembrane space is very small (allows for a more rapid generation of a proton motive force) Ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA are usually not visible at standard resolutions and magnifications
What is electron tomography?
Electron tomography is a technique by which the 3-dimensional internal structure of a sample can be modelled