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Biology IB HL - 9.4 Plant Reproduction Part 1

Biology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in plant reproduction, focusing on the methods and processes involved in the reproduction of flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal.

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In what 3 ways can plants reproduce?

Vegetative propagation (asexual reproduction from a plant cutting); Spore formations (e.g. moulds, ferns); Pollen transfer (flowering plants – angiospermophytes)
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
In what 3 ways can plants reproduce?
Vegetative propagation (asexual reproduction from a plant cutting); Spore formations (e.g. moulds, ferns); Pollen transfer (flowering plants – angiosp...
What does sexual reproduction in flowering points involve?
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the transfer of pollen (male gamete) to an ova (female gamete)
What 3 phases are involved in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants?
involves three distinct phases – pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen grains from an anther (male plant structure) to a stigma (female plant structure)
Can plants self-pollinate?
YES; Many plants possess both male and female structures (monoecious) and can potentially self-pollinate
Why do plants tend to not self-pollinate?
From an evolutionary perspective, cross-pollination is preferable as it improves genetic diversity
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Biology IB HL - 9.4 Plant Reproduction Part 1
TermDefinition
In what 3 ways can plants reproduce?
Vegetative propagation (asexual reproduction from a plant cutting); Spore formations (e.g. moulds, ferns); Pollen transfer (flowering plants – angiospermophytes)
What does sexual reproduction in flowering points involve?
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the transfer of pollen (male gamete) to an ova (female gamete)
What 3 phases are involved in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants?
involves three distinct phases – pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen grains from an anther (male plant structure) to a stigma (female plant structure)
Can plants self-pollinate?
YES; Many plants possess both male and female structures (monoecious) and can potentially self-pollinate
Why do plants tend to not self-pollinate?
From an evolutionary perspective, cross-pollination is preferable as it improves genetic diversity
What is fertilisation?
Fusion of a male gamete nuclei with a female gamete nuclei to form a zygote
Where are the male and female gametes stored in a plant?
In plants, the male gamete is stored in the pollen grain and the female gamete is found in the ovule
What is seed dispersal?
Fertilisation of gametes results in the formation of a seed, which moves away from the parental plant
Why is seed dispersal useful?
This seed dispersal reduces competition for resources between the germinating seed and the parental plant
What varieties of seed dispersal are there?
There are a variety of seed dispersal mechanisms, including wind, water, fruits and animals
Will seed structures be the same for different methods of seed dispersal?
NO Seed structure will vary depending on the mechanism of dispersal employed by the plant
What does cross-pollination involve?
Cross-pollination involves transferring pollen grains from one plant to the ovule of a different plant
In what ways can pollen be transfered?
Pollen can be transferred by wind or water, but is commonly transferred by animals (called pollinators)
What type of relationship do plants have with pollinators?
Pollinators are involved in a mutualistic relationship with the flowering plant – whereby both species benefit from the interaction
How do plants benefit from pollination?
The flowering plant gains a means of sexual reproduction (via the transference of pollen between plants)
How do pollinators benefit from pollination?
The animal gains a source of nutrition (plants secrete a sugar-rich substance called nectar to attract pollinators
What are common example of pollinators?
Common examples of pollinators include birds, bats and insects (including bees and butterflies)
How may a plant structurally adapt for birds (as pollinators)?
Flowers may be structured to optimise access for certain pollinators (e.g. tube-shaped flowers for birds with long beaks)
How may a plant structurally adapt for birds (as pollinators)?
Flowers may be structured to optimise access for certain pollinators (e.g. tube-shaped flowers for birds with long beaks)