Nutrition /Chapter 33: Animal Nutrition Part 2
What is the form of an animal's digestive system directly related to?
its diet
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the form of an animal's digestive system directly related to?
its diet
What does the collection of bacteria (the microbiome) do?
1.) Produce vitamins
2.) Regulate development of intestinal epithelium
3.) Help with the function of the innate immune system
4.) Aid in the absorptio...
What do many herbivores house?
mutualistic protists or bacteria which digest cellulose for them as they are unable to digest it on their own
What are ruminants?
organisms that have four stomach chambers and depend on microorganisms to aid in digestion
What is enteric division?
the branch of the nervous system that helps to regulate the activities of the digestive organisms
What is gastrin?
a hormone that is secreted by the stomach and circulates via the bloodstream back to the stomach where it stimulates production of gastric juices by p...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the form of an animal's digestive system directly related to? | its diet |
What does the collection of bacteria (the microbiome) do? | 1.) Produce vitamins
2.) Regulate development of intestinal epithelium
3.) Help with the function of the innate immune system
4.) Aid in the absorption of water in the large intestine |
What do many herbivores house? | mutualistic protists or bacteria which digest cellulose for them as they are unable to digest it on their own |
What are ruminants? | organisms that have four stomach chambers and depend on microorganisms to aid in digestion |
What is enteric division? | the branch of the nervous system that helps to regulate the activities of the digestive organisms |
What is gastrin? | a hormone that is secreted by the stomach and circulates via the bloodstream back to the stomach where it stimulates production of gastric juices by positive feedback |
What is secretin? | a hormone secreted by the duodenum and stimulates the release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas, which neutralizes chyme |
Explain the role of CCK | Amino acids or fatty acids trigger the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) from the duodenum which stimulates the release of enzymes from the pancreas and of bile from the gall bladder |
Explain negative hormonal feedback in the digestive system? | When chyme rich in fats enter the duodenum, secretin and CCK inhibit peristalsis by the stomach, thereby slowing digestion |
What is the first site used in energy storage in humans? | the liver and muscle cells, which is stored in glycogen |
How are excess calories taken in? | stored first in the form of glycogen and then secondarily in the form of fats in adipose tissue |
What is the order in which animals burn nutrients? | Lipids, carbohydrates, and then proteins |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Mouth | Both chemical and mechanical digestion; salivary amylase breaks down starch and glycogen |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Salivary glands | Chemical digestion, salivary amylase |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Esophagus | No digestion occurs in the esophagus |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Stomach | Chemical and some mechanical: pepsinogen (pepsin) and HCL break down polypeptide chains |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Small Intestine | Chemical and Mechanical (emulsification): Enzymes from pancreas, liver, disaccharidases, dipeptidases, nucleotidases, and nucleosidases |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Pancreas | No digestion, but produces pancreatic amylase, pancreatic peptidases, pancreatic lipase, and sodium bicarbonate |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Liver | No digestion, but produces bile |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Gall bladder | Stores bile |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Ilium | absorption |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Jujenum | Continues work of duodenum |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Large intestine | reabsorption of water |
Explain digestion in the following organ, if there is any: Rectum | Holds solid waste |