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Edexcel Biology Gcse - Cell Division Part 1

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck Adult stem cells are found in specific tissues in the body and can develop into a limited range of related cell types

Adult stem cell

def

A type of stem cell found in specific locations in adults. Adult stem cells can only differentiate into a limited number of related cell types

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Adult stem cell

def

A type of stem cell found in specific locations in adults. Adult stem cells can only differentiate into a limited number of related cell types

Benign tumour

def

A tumour that is not cancerous and cannot spread to other areas of the body

Bone marrow

def

Soft tissue found inside bones that produces new blood cells

Cancer

A disease caused by normal cells changing so that they grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. The uncontrolled growth causes a lump called a tumou...

Carcinogen

def

A chemical or other agent which causes cancer

Cell cycle

def

The events that lead to cell division and DNA replication

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TermDefinition

Adult stem cell

def

A type of stem cell found in specific locations in adults. Adult stem cells can only differentiate into a limited number of related cell types

Benign tumour

def

A tumour that is not cancerous and cannot spread to other areas of the body

Bone marrow

def

Soft tissue found inside bones that produces new blood cells

Cancer

A disease caused by normal cells changing so that they grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. The uncontrolled growth causes a lump called a tumour to form

Cancer cells are undifferentiated – they do not carry out their normal function.

Carcinogen

def

A chemical or other agent which causes cancer

Cell cycle

def

The events that lead to cell division and DNA replication

Chromosome

def

The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism.

Clone

def

An organism that is genetically identical to another organism

Daughter cells

def

Cells formed from the division of a cell

Diabetes

A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar

Differentiation

def

When an unspecialised cell becomes a more specialised cell type

DNA

def

Deoxyribonucleic acid. The material inside the nucleus of cells, carrying the genetic information of a living being

Embryonic stem cell

def

A type of stem cell found in the embryo, capable of dividing into almost any cell type

Gene

def

The basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents. A gene is a section of DNA which controls part of a cell’s chemistry - particularly protein production

Immune system

def

The body’s defence system against entry of any foreign body, including pathogens and agents such as pollen grains. The role of the immune system is to prevent disease

Ionising radiation

def

Radiation that is able to remove electrons from atoms or molecules to produce positively charged particles called ions

Malignant tumour

def

A fast-growing tumour that is cancerous and can invade and spread to other areas of the body

Meristem

def

A region in plant shoots and roots in which cells are dividing, and so are undergoing mitosis

Mitosis

Definition:

A type of cell division which produces daughter cells identical to the parent

In more detail:

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a diploid body cell copies itself and finally divides into two identical diploid daughter cells. The daughter cells are clones of each other. Every base pair of their DNA is identical.

Multiple sclerosis

def

A disease which affects the brain and spinal cord and can make movement and communication difficult

Mutation

def

Arandom and spontaneous change in the structure of a gene, chromosome or number of chromosomes

Paralysis

def

The loss of muscle function in part of the body

Percentage growth chart

A chart used to compare the growth of a baby to the growth of other babies

Protein

def and uses

Organic compound made up of amino acid molecules. One of the three main food groups, proteins are needed by the body for cell growth and repair

speciation

| def

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution