Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Edexcel Biology GCSE - Changing the Genes Part 1
Alleles
Different forms of the same gene
Some characteristics are controlled by a single gene, such as fur in animals and red-green colour blindness in humans. Each gene might have different forms, and these are called alleles.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Alleles
Different forms of the same gene
Some characteristics are controlled by a single gene, such as fur in animals and re...
Autosomes
definition
Chromosomes that control the characteristics of an organism but do not determine its sex
What is Beta-carotene?
A red-orange pigment important in the diet for maintaining health
Cloning
definition
A scientific method by which genetically identical copies are made of animals or plants
What are Cuttings?
Part of a plant stem, leaf, or root cut off and used for producing a new plant. An artificial propagation method
What is an Explant?
A small piece taken from a plant, used in plant cloning
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Alleles | Different forms of the same gene Some characteristics are controlled by a single gene, such as fur in animals and red-green colour blindness in humans. Each gene might have different forms, and these are called alleles. |
Autosomes
definition | Chromosomes that control the characteristics of an organism but do not determine its sex |
What is Beta-carotene? | A red-orange pigment important in the diet for maintaining health |
Cloning
definition | A scientific method by which genetically identical copies are made of animals or plants |
What are Cuttings? | Part of a plant stem, leaf, or root cut off and used for producing a new plant. An artificial propagation method |
What is an Explant? | A small piece taken from a plant, used in plant cloning |
What does Exponential mean? | A set of numbers that increase more and more rapidly |
What is Genetic engineering? | A process of changing the structure of a particular gene, usually to remove defects |
Genotype
definition | The alleles that an organism has for a particular characteristic, usually written as letters |
In vitro
definition | In vitro experiments are done in glassware such as test tubes and Petri dishes |
What is Insulin? | A hormone that regulates the level of sugar in the blood and can be produced by genetically modified bacteria |
Mutation
definition | A random and spontaneous change in the structure of a gene, chromosome or number of chromosomes |
Plasmid
definition | The small circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and used in genetic engineering or genetic modification |
Recessive
definition | Describes the variant of a gene for a particular characteristic which is masked or suppressed in the presence of the dominant variant. A recessive gene will remain dormant unless it is paired with another recessive gene |
Selective breeding
definition | An artificial process in which organisms with desired characteristics are chosen as parents for the next generation |
Tissue culture
definition | Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from an animal or plant |
Toxin
definition | A type of natural poison produced by an organism, often as a form of protection |
Vector | The way in which genetic material is transferred from a donor to a recipient, eg viruses, bacterial cells or plasmids |
Yield
definition | The mass of a crop produced |
Zygote
definition | A fertilised egg cell |