Type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes the person's body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. It is more common in older people. It can be controlled by a carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime. Carbohydrate is digested into glucose, which raises the overall blood glucose level. There is a correlation between rising levels of body mass in the general population and increasing levels of type 2 diabetes.
Key Terms
Type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes the person's body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. It is more common in older people. It can be cont...
Commonly accepted BMI ranges are:
underweight: under 18.5 kg/m2
normal weight: 18.5 to 25 kg/m2
overweight: 25 to 30 kg/m2
obese: over 30 kg/m2
Who is at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes?
People who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
waist to hip ratio
Waist:hip ratio = waist measurement/hip measurement.
effects of waist to hip ratio
Scientific research has also indicated that people who have more weight around their waist are at a higher risk from developing certain illnesses, ...
waist to hip ratio and obesity
A waist:hip ratio of over 0.85 in women and 1 in men is considered an indicator of obesity.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Type 2 diabetes | In type 2 diabetes the person's body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas. It is more common in older people. It can be controlled by a carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime. Carbohydrate is digested into glucose, which raises the overall blood glucose level. There is a correlation between rising levels of body mass in the general population and increasing levels of type 2 diabetes. |
Commonly accepted BMI ranges are: | underweight: under 18.5 kg/m2 normal weight: 18.5 to 25 kg/m2 overweight: 25 to 30 kg/m2 obese: over 30 kg/m2 |
Who is at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes? | People who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. |
waist to hip ratio | Waist:hip ratio = waist measurement/hip measurement. |
effects of waist to hip ratio | Scientific research has also indicated that people who have more weight around their waist are at a higher risk from developing certain illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes, than people who have more weight around their hips. This is determined by calculating waist to hip ratio: |
waist to hip ratio and obesity | A waist:hip ratio of over 0.85 in women and 1 in men is considered an indicator of obesity. |
Negative feedback | In blood glucose regulation, the hormone insulin plays a key role. When blood sugar rises in the blood, insulin sends a signal to the liver, muscles and other cells to store the excess glucose. Some is stored as body fat and other is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. If the blood glucose level is too low, the pancreas releases the hormone glucagon. This travels to the liver in the blood and causes the break-down of glycogen into glucose. The glucose enters the blood stream and glucose levels increase back to normal. |
How glucose is regulated | What happens in the pancreas if blood glucose is too high? | Insulin secreted into the blood |
How glucose is regulated | What happens in the liver if blood glucose is too high? | Liver converts glucose into glycogen |
How glucose is regulated | What is the effect on glucose if blood glucose is too high? | Goes down |
How glucose is regulated | What happens in the pancreas if blood glucose is too low? | Glucagon (not insulin) is secreted into the blood. |
How glucose is regulated | What happens in the liver if blood glucose is too low? | Liver does not convert glucose into glycogen. Glycogen is converted to glucose. |
How glucose is regulated | What is the effect on glucose if blood glucose is too low? | Goes up |
What are hormones? | Chemicals secreted by glands |
How are hormones transported around the body? | By blood |
Adrenalin is released by which gland? | Adrenal gland |
Which hormone is released in response to high blood glucose levels? | Insulin is released in response to high blood glucose levels. It lowers blood glucose. |
Which conversion happens when insulin lowers blood glucose? | Insulin converts glucose into glycogen, in order to lower blood glucose levels. |
Which is a treatment for type 1 diabetes? | Insulin injections |
Which is the target organ for insulin and glucagon? | Liver |
Which type of feedback is important for homeostasis? | Negative feedback is important for homeostasis. It is a response carried out when conditions change from the ideal or set point. It returns conditions to this set point. |
Adrenalin has which affect on the heart rate? | Adrenalin increases the heart rate. It also increases blood pressure, blood flow to muscles and the conversion of glycogen to glucose. |
If thyroxine levels are low, which hormone is released from the pituitary gland? | If thyroxine levels are low, TSH is released from the pituitary gland. TSH will stimulate the thyroid to release thyroxine. |
How is blood glucose increased? | Glucagon converts glycogen into glucose in order to increase blood glucose. |