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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Evolution Part 1

Biology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to evolution, including organisms, natural selection, and antibiotic resistance.

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algae

A group of organisms that photosynthesise but lack the complex range of cell types and organs found in land plants. Most algae are aquatic. All have chloroplasts.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
algae
A group of organisms that photosynthesise but lack the complex range of cell types and organs found in land plants. Most algae are aquatic. All have c...
amber definition
Hardened tree resin.
antibiotic definition
Substance that controls the spread of bacteria in the body by killing them or stopping them reproducing.
bacteria definition
Single-celled microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic in humans, animals and plants. Singular is bacterium.
binomial definition
Having two parts to a name. In the binomial system of classification, each organism is named for its genus then its species.
evolution definition
The change of inherited characteristics within a population over time through natural selection, which may result in the formation of a new species.
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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Evolution Part 1
TermDefinition
algae
A group of organisms that photosynthesise but lack the complex range of cell types and organs found in land plants. Most algae are aquatic. All have chloroplasts.
amber definition
Hardened tree resin.
antibiotic definition
Substance that controls the spread of bacteria in the body by killing them or stopping them reproducing.
bacteria definition
Single-celled microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic in humans, animals and plants. Singular is bacterium.
binomial definition
Having two parts to a name. In the binomial system of classification, each organism is named for its genus then its species.
evolution definition
The change of inherited characteristics within a population over time through natural selection, which may result in the formation of a new species.
fungi definition
Non-green plants that obtain their energy by decomposing dead organic remains.
lichen definition
A type of fungus that grows on rock.
mutation definition
A random and spontaneous change in the structure of a gene, chromosome or number of chromosomes.
natural selection definition
The natural process whereby the best-adapted individuals survive longer, have more offspring and thereby spread their characteristics. Sometimes referred to as ‘survival of the fittest’.
pathogen definition
Microorganism that causes disease.
phylum definition
A taxonomic rank between kingdom and class (the plural is phyla). The arthropods, for example, are a phylum.
sediment definition
Small fragments of rock and soil that form layers.
species definition
A type of organism that is the basic unit of classification. Individuals of different species are not able to interbreed successfully.
tar definition
Sticky substance found in tobacco smoke, which can cause cancer.
Darwin proposed that:
individual organisms within a particular species show a wide range of variation for a characteristic individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive and to breed successfully the characteristics that have enabled these individuals to survive are then passed on to the next generation This theory is called natural selection.
Antibiotic resistance Evidence for evolution - Resistant bacteria
Bacteria can evolve quickly because they reproduce at a fast rate. Mutations of bacteria produce new strains. Some bacteria might become resistant to certain antibiotics, such as penicillin, and cannot be destroyed by the antibiotic. The evolution of the bacteria is an example of natural selection and supports Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Development of resistance The main steps in the development of resistance are: (Evidence for evolution - Resistant bacteria)
1) random mutation occur in the genes of individual bacterial cells 2) some mutations protect the bacterial cell from the effects of the antibiotic 3) bacteria without the mutation die or cannot reproduce when the antibiotic is present
MRSA Evidence for evolution - Resistant bacteria
The number of resistant strains has increased, partly due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. This has resulted in more infections that are difficult to control. MRSA is methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, and it is very dangerous because it is resistant to most antibiotics.
MRSA In order to reduce the rate of development of antibiotic resistant strains: (Evidence for evolution - Resistant bacteria)
doctors should not prescribe antibiotics inappropriately, such as for the treatment of non-serious infections patients should always complete the full course of antibiotics to ensure all bacteria are killed and none survive to mutate and form resistant strains the agricultural use of antibiotics should be restricted