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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Genetic Inheritance Part 1

Biology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in genetic inheritance, including definitions of alleles, chromosomes, and mutations, as well as explanations of genotypes, phenotypes, and heredity.

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Alleles definition

Different forms of the same gene
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Alleles definition
Different forms of the same gene
Amino acid definition
The building blocks that make up a protein molecule
Chromosome definition
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism
Dominant definition
An allele that always expresses itself whether it is partnered by a recessive allele or by another like itself
Evolution definition
The change of inherited characteristics within a population over time through natural selection, which may result in the formation of a new species
What is a gene?
The basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents. A gene is a small section of DNA in a chromosome. Each gene has the code for creating a...
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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Genetic Inheritance Part 1
TermDefinition
Alleles definition
Different forms of the same gene
Amino acid definition
The building blocks that make up a protein molecule
Chromosome definition
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism
Dominant definition
An allele that always expresses itself whether it is partnered by a recessive allele or by another like itself
Evolution definition
The change of inherited characteristics within a population over time through natural selection, which may result in the formation of a new species
What is a gene?
The basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents. A gene is a small section of DNA in a chromosome. Each gene has the code for creating a specific protein. The sequence of bases in the gene controls which amino acids are joined in order to make a specific new protein (or enzyme) molecule. The proteins are then folded into their correct shape to make them functional.
Genome definition
The complete set of DNA found in an organism
Genotype definition
The alleles that an organism has for a particular characteristic, usually written as letters
Heredity definition
Genetic information that determines an organism’s characteristics, passed on from one generation to another. To do with passing genes to an offspring from its parent or parents
Heterozygous definition
This describes a genotype in which the two alleles for a particular characteristic are different
Homozygous definition
This describes a genotype in which the two alleles for the characteristic are identical
Ionising radiation definition
Radiation that is able to remove electrons from atoms or molecules to produce positively charged particles called ions
What is lichen?
A type of fungus that grows on rock
What is a Mutagen?
A physical or chemical agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in an organism
Mutation definition
A mutation is a change in a gene or chromosome. Mutations arise spontaneously and happen continually. It can be inherited.
What is a pedigree chart
A family tree diagram which show the inheritance of a genetic condition in a family, eg cystic fibrosis
Phenotype definition
The visible characteristics of an organism which occur as a result of its genes
Radiation definition
Energy carried by particles from a radioactive substance, or spreading out from a source
Recessive definition
Describes the variant of a gene for a particular characteristic which is masked or suppressed in the presence of the dominant variant. A recessive gene will remain dormant unless it is paired with another recessive gene
Mutation and variation
Extensive genetic variation is contained within any species. Variation within genes leads to different genotypes, and this can be seen by a different phenotype. Genetic variation and environmental variation can both cause these different phenotypes. All variation arises from mutations and most have no effect on the phenotype.