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Edexcel Biology Gcse - Non-Communicable Diseases Part 3

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to non-communicable diseases, including risk factors, interactions between diseases, and causal mechanisms.

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What is regenerate?

To restore something to its original form. For example, a catalyst is regenerated at the end of a reaction. Certain tissues and organs can regenerate themselves by producing new cells.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is regenerate?
To restore something to its original form. For example, a catalyst is regenerated at the end of a reaction. Certain tissues and organs can regenerate ...
What is a representative sample?
A representative sample is one that accurately represents the whole of the group.
What is the reproductive system?
The organs and tissues involved in producing offspring.
What is respiration?
The chemical change that takes place inside living cells, which uses glucose and oxygen to release the energy that organisms need to live. Carbon diox...
What is a risk factor?
Something that increases a person's chances of developing a disease.
What is a stent?
A device, consisting of a wire mesh tube, used to keep a narrowed or blocked coronary artery open.
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Edexcel Biology Gcse - Non-Communicable Diseases Part 3
TermDefinition
What is regenerate?
To restore something to its original form. For example, a catalyst is regenerated at the end of a reaction. Certain tissues and organs can regenerate themselves by producing new cells.
What is a representative sample?
A representative sample is one that accurately represents the whole of the group.
What is the reproductive system?
The organs and tissues involved in producing offspring.
What is respiration?
The chemical change that takes place inside living cells, which uses glucose and oxygen to release the energy that organisms need to live. Carbon dioxide is a by-product of respiration.
What is a risk factor?
Something that increases a person's chances of developing a disease.
What is a stent?
A device, consisting of a wire mesh tube, used to keep a narrowed or blocked coronary artery open.
What is a stroke?
Damage to the brain caused by bleeding or blood clots in the brain's blood vessels.
What is a tumour?
The lump of cells formed as a result of uncontrolled cell division.
What is a virus?
An ultramicroscopic infectious non-cellular organism that can replicate inside the cells of living hosts, with negative consequences.
Diseases can be grouped into two types:
non-communicable | - Communicable
What are non-communicable diseases?
Diseases which are not transferred between people or other organisms
What are communicable diseases?
Diseases which can be transferred from one person to another, or from one organism to another, eg in humans, these include measles, food poisoning and malaria.
Examples of non-communicable diseases
cancer diabetes genetic disorders and conditions heart disease neurological disorders
Interactions between different types of diseases | overview
Different types of disease may interact. This can mean that the presence of one disease can lead to a higher chance of developing another disease.
Interactions between different types of diseases Defects in the immune system
Defects in the immune system mean that an individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases. For instance, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, which lead to AIDS, affect the immune system and lead to an increase risk of developing other infectious diseases.
Interactions between different types of diseases Viruses
Viruses living in cells can be the trigger for cancers. For instance, the majority of cases of cancer of the cervix are linked with a virus present in the female reproductive system.
Interactions between different types of diseases Reaction of the immune system to pathogens
The reaction of the immune system to pathogens and other foreign bodies can trigger allergic reactions that lead to skin rashes and asthma. For instance, severe respiratory infections in babies can lead to asthma in later childhood.
Interactions between different types of diseases severe physical illness
Severe physical ill health can lead to depression and other types of mental illness.
Risk factors
Anything that increases a chance of developing a disease is called a risk factor. Risk factors can be caused by lifestyle factors or substances in a person's body or their environment. Some diseases are caused by an interaction between risk factors. Some risk factors have been proven to cause a disease. We know that smoking causes lung cancer. Other risk factors are linked but not proven.
List a risk factor and effect of Type 2 diabetes
Risk factor: Obesity | Effect: Blood sugar levels cannot be regulated properly
List a risk factor and effect of Liver cirrhosis
Risk factor: Alcohol | Effect: Scar tissue is formed in the liver which stops it removing toxins
List a risk factor and effect of Lung cancer
Risk factor: Smoking | Effect: Smoking causes lung cancer and also the underdevelopment of unborn babies
Causal mechanisms Correlation cancer
Research has established links between cancer and various lifestyle factors, chemicals produced in the body, or that enter the human body, and chemicals in the environment. Scientists have established several causal mechanisms for these risk factors.
Correlation and cause
If there is a correlation between a particular factor and an outcome, it does not mean that the factor necessarily causes the outcome. Scientists must look for a possible mechanism by which the factor could be the likely cause.
Correlation and cause | lung cancer
In the case of lung cancer, analyses of cigarette smoke have shown that at least 70 of the chemicals present in smoke will cause cancer in laboratory animals which establishes a causal link.