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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Photosynthesis Part 2

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts of photosynthesis, including the role of glucose, factors affecting photosynthesis, and the adaptations of leaves for efficient photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis | glucose

Glucose is the starting point for making the materials that plants need to live. These materials are used to make cell walls and other cell components and will enable the plant to growth and increase in biomass.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Photosynthesis | glucose
Glucose is the starting point for making the materials that plants need to live. These materials are used to make cell walls and other cell components...
The glucose not used for respiration is used in the following ways:
cellulose starch Amino acids→Proteins Lipids (fats/oils)
Cellulose in plants
Many glucose molecules joined together makes cellulose which is to build cells walls and adds strength to cell walls
Starch in plants
Many glucose molecules joined. insoluble storage form of carbohydrate
Lipids (fats/oils) in plants
Used for storage in seeds
Amino acids and proteins in plants
Glucose plus nitrates absorbed from the soil makes amino acids. many amino acid molecules joined makes proteins.
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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Photosynthesis Part 2
TermDefinition
Photosynthesis | glucose
Glucose is the starting point for making the materials that plants need to live. These materials are used to make cell walls and other cell components and will enable the plant to growth and increase in biomass.
The glucose not used for respiration is used in the following ways:
cellulose starch Amino acids→Proteins Lipids (fats/oils)
Cellulose in plants
Many glucose molecules joined together makes cellulose which is to build cells walls and adds strength to cell walls
Starch in plants
Many glucose molecules joined. insoluble storage form of carbohydrate
Lipids (fats/oils) in plants
Used for storage in seeds
Amino acids and proteins in plants
Glucose plus nitrates absorbed from the soil makes amino acids. many amino acid molecules joined makes proteins.
There are several ways of measuring the rate of photosynthesis in the lab. These include:
the rate of oxygen production (number of bubbles or volume of oxygen gas given off in a set time) the rate of carbon dioxide uptake the rate of glucose production
Several factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis:
light intensity carbon dioxide concentration temperature
Light intensity
Without enough light, a plant cannot photosynthesise very quickly - even if there is plenty of water and carbon dioxide. Increasing the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis, until some other factor - a limiting factor - becomes in short supply. The rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to the light intensity until another factor becomes limiting. At very high light intensities, photosynthesis is slowed, but these light intensities do not occur in nature.
Carbon dioxide concentration
Carbon dioxide is one of the reactants in photosynthesis. If the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased, the rate of photosynthesis will therefore increase. At some point, another factor may become limiting
Direct proportion
As light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases. This is because photosynthesis is an energy requiring reaction, endothermic. More light energy will increase the rate at which oxygen is given off so more bubbles of oxygen will be produced per minute.
Inverse proportion
There is an inverse relationship between distance and light intensity - as the distance increases, light intensity decreases. This is because as the distance away from a light source increases, light energy becomes spread over a wider area.
Features of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation large surface area
To absorb more light
Features of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation thin (leaves)
Short distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse into leaf cells
Features of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation chlorophyll
Absorbs sunlight to transfer energy into chemicals
Features of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation Network of veins
To support the leaf and transport water and sugars
Features of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation Stomata
Allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf and oxygen to diffuse out
Structure of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation Epidermis is thin and transparent
To allow more light to reach the palisade cells
Structure of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation Thin cuticle made of wax
To protect the leaf from infection and prevent water loss without blocking out light
Structure of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation Palisade cell layer at top of leaf
To absorb more light and increase the rate of photosynthesis
Structure of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation Spongy layer
Air spaces allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through the leaf
Structure of leaves | Name the purpose of the adaptation Palisade cells contain many chloroplasts
To absorb all the available light
What is the rate of photosynthesis directly proportional to?
Rate of photosynthesis is directly proportional to light intensity.
What is light intensity proportional to?
Light intensity is proportional to 1/d^2.
What is light in tensity inversely proportional to?
d^2