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Edexcel Biology Gcse - Plant Organisation Part 1

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to plant organisation, including transport mechanisms, cell structures, and processes like photosynthesis and respiration.

active transport definition

The transport of molecules against their concentration gradient from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
active transport definition
The transport of molecules against their concentration gradient from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration.
companion cells definition
Cells that help the phloem to transport substances by providing energy.
diffuse definition
When particles spread out from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
epidermal cells definition
Cells of the epidermis, the outer covering layer of an organism.
eyepiece definition
The eyepiece, or ocular, is the lens at the top of a compound microscope. It has a longer focal length than the objective lens and magnifies the image...
field of view definition
The area seen when looking through a microscope.

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TermDefinition
active transport definition
The transport of molecules against their concentration gradient from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration.
companion cells definition
Cells that help the phloem to transport substances by providing energy.
diffuse definition
When particles spread out from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
epidermal cells definition
Cells of the epidermis, the outer covering layer of an organism.
eyepiece definition
The eyepiece, or ocular, is the lens at the top of a compound microscope. It has a longer focal length than the objective lens and magnifies the image produced by the objective.
field of view definition
The area seen when looking through a microscope.
flaccid definition
Lacking turgor. Lacking in stiffness or strength. Soft and floppy.
graticule definition
A glass or plastic disc fitted into the eyepiece of a microscope. The graticule has a scale ruled on it and is used to estimate the size of a specimen when viewed with a microscope.
hydrogen bonding definition
The strongest type of van der Waals force that arises through a dipole-dipole attraction when hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to highly electronegative nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine atoms.
lignin definition
Carbohydrate material lining the xylem vessels providing strength and support.
mitochondria definition
Structures in the cytoplasm of all cells where aerobic respiration takes place (singular is mitochondrion).
nuclei definition
The nucleus controls what happens inside the cell. Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. The plural of nucleus is nuclei.
osmosis definition
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
palisade mesophyll definition
Plant tissue containing closely packed cells in the upper layer of a leaf.
phloem definition
The tissue in plants that transports the products of photosynthesis, including sugars and amino acids.
photosynthesis definition
A chemical process used by plants to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy. Oxygen is produced as a by-product of photosynthesis. Algae subsumed within plants and some bacteria are also photosynthetic.
representative sample definition
A representative sample is one that accurately represents the whole of the group.
root hair cell definition
A specialised cell that increases the surface area of the root epidermis to improve the uptake of water and minerals.
respiration definition
The chemical change that takes place inside living cells, which uses glucose and oxygen to release the energy that organisms need to live. Carbon dioxide is a by-product of respiration.
sieve tube definition
Cells that have no nuclei and are connected to each other by their cytoplasm.
spongy mesophyll definition
The plant tissue in a leaf which has loosely packed cells and air spaces between them to allow gas exchange.
stomata definition
Tiny holes in the epidermis (skin) of a leaf. They control gas exchange by opening and closing and are involved in loss of water from leaves. Singular is stoma.
sucrose definition
A disaccharide made from glucose and fructose. It is used as table sugar.
translocation definition
The transport of dissolved material within a plant.
transpiration definition
The loss of water from leaves by evaporation through the stomata.