Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Edexcel Biology GCSE - Reproduction, the Genome, and Gene Expression Part 1
Chromosome def
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Chromosome
def
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism
Amino acid
def
The building blocks that make up the protein molecule
Code (biology)
def
A rule for converting one type of information into another, usually simpler or more complicated
Cytoplasm
def
The living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus).
Diploid
def
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
Disease
def
Illness affecting plants and animals
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Chromosome
def | The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism |
Amino acid
def | The building blocks that make up the protein molecule |
Code (biology)
def | A rule for converting one type of information into another, usually simpler or more complicated |
Cytoplasm
def | The living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus). |
Diploid
def | A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes |
Disease
def | Illness affecting plants and animals |
DNA
def | Deoxyribonucleic acid. The material inside the nucleus of cells, carrying the genetic information of a living being |
Double helix | The shape of the DNA molecule with two strands twisted together in a spiral |
Environmental variation
def | Differences between individuals of a species due to factors in their surroundings |
Fertilisation
def | The joining of a male and female gamete |
Gamete
def | Sex cell (sperm in males and ova/eggs in females). |
What is a Gene? | The basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents. A gene is a small section of DNA in a chromosome. Each gene has the code for creating a specific protein. The sequence of bases in the gene controls which amino acids are joined in order to make a specific new protein (or enzyme) molecule. The proteins are then folded into their correct shape to make them functional. |
Genetic
def | To do with inheritance because of genes |
Genetic code
def | The code formed by the order of the bases in DNA that determines an organism’s characteristics |
Genome
basic definition | The complete set of DNA found in an organism |
Haploid
def | A sex cell (gamete) that contains one set of chromosomes |
Heredity
def | Genetic information that determines an organism’s characteristics, passed on from one generation to another. To do with passing genes to an offspring from its parent or parents |
Meiosis
def | Reduction division in a cell in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid |
Mitosis
def | A type of cell division which produces daughter cells identical to the parent |
Molecule
def | A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
Mutation
def | A random and spontaneous change in the structure of a gene, chromosome or number of chromosomes |
Nucleotide
def | The units or molecules of which DNA or RNA is composed |
Nucleus
def | The nucleus controls what happens inside the cell. Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. The plural of nucleus is nuclei |
Phenotype
def | The visible characteristics of an organism which occur as a result of its genes |
Pollen
def | Male sex cell (gamete) from flowering plants |