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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Reproduction, the Genome, and Gene Expression Part 1

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to reproduction, the genome, and gene expression, including definitions and explanations of important biological terms.

Chromosome def

The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Chromosome def
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism
Amino acid def
The building blocks that make up the protein molecule
Code (biology) def
A rule for converting one type of information into another, usually simpler or more complicated
Cytoplasm def
The living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus).
Diploid def
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
Disease def
Illness affecting plants and animals

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TermDefinition
Chromosome def
The structure made of DNA that codes for all the characteristics of an organism
Amino acid def
The building blocks that make up the protein molecule
Code (biology) def
A rule for converting one type of information into another, usually simpler or more complicated
Cytoplasm def
The living substance inside a cell (not including the nucleus).
Diploid def
A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
Disease def
Illness affecting plants and animals
DNA def
Deoxyribonucleic acid. The material inside the nucleus of cells, carrying the genetic information of a living being
Double helix
The shape of the DNA molecule with two strands twisted together in a spiral
Environmental variation def
Differences between individuals of a species due to factors in their surroundings
Fertilisation def
The joining of a male and female gamete
Gamete def
Sex cell (sperm in males and ova/eggs in females).
What is a Gene?
The basic unit of genetic material inherited from our parents. A gene is a small section of DNA in a chromosome. Each gene has the code for creating a specific protein. The sequence of bases in the gene controls which amino acids are joined in order to make a specific new protein (or enzyme) molecule. The proteins are then folded into their correct shape to make them functional.
Genetic def
To do with inheritance because of genes
Genetic code def
The code formed by the order of the bases in DNA that determines an organism’s characteristics
Genome basic definition
The complete set of DNA found in an organism
Haploid def
A sex cell (gamete) that contains one set of chromosomes
Heredity def
Genetic information that determines an organism’s characteristics, passed on from one generation to another. To do with passing genes to an offspring from its parent or parents
Meiosis def
Reduction division in a cell in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid
Mitosis def
A type of cell division which produces daughter cells identical to the parent
Molecule def
A collection of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Mutation def
A random and spontaneous change in the structure of a gene, chromosome or number of chromosomes
Nucleotide def
The units or molecules of which DNA or RNA is composed
Nucleus def
The nucleus controls what happens inside the cell. Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells. The plural of nucleus is nuclei
Phenotype def
The visible characteristics of an organism which occur as a result of its genes
Pollen def
Male sex cell (gamete) from flowering plants