Hair Chemistry: Chapter 04 Skin Disorders and Diseases

The body’s largest organ is the
a. heart
b. skin
c. liver
d. brain

Which of the following statements is true about the skin?
a. It is the last defense against environmental assaults.
b. It is the body’s smallest organ.
c. It offers the body protection from harmful organisms.
d. It seldom helps control body temperature.

Cosmetologists need a thorough understanding of skin disorders and diseases because
a. skin disorders and infection always present life-threatening situations and require a lot of attention.
b. cosmetologists are required to dedicate their entire workday to skin care services instead of hair care services.
c. recommending suitable skin care preparations to clients requires complete knowledge of the skin and potential disorders.
d. providing skin care services seldom requires the knowledge of the skin’s structure and common skin problems.

Identify a true statement about practicing cosmetology in the context of studying skin conditions, disorders, and diseases.
a. Cosmetologists need to avoid referring a client to a healthcare provider if they are unsure about the severity of the client’s skin condition.
b. Cosmetologists are required to choose between hair and skin care services. Some cosmetologists split their workday between skin and hair. Others dedicate specific days to skin care therapies.
c. Recognizing when salon services can be safely performed, and when the skin condition requires a healthcare provider referral, is crucial to managing a safe practice.
d. Recommending suitable skin care preparations to clients seldom requires thorough knowledge of the skin and potential disorders.

Structural alteration in the tissues that are caused by injury or damage are know as
a. moles.
b. milia.
c. comedones.
d. lesions.

Lesions that are in the initial stages of development or change are called
a. secondary lesions.
b. primary lesions.
c. vascular lesions.
d. tertiary lesions.

Which of the following statements is true about secondary lesions?
a. They are lesions in the initial stages of development or change.
b. Macules such as freckles or age spots are examples of secondary lesions.
c. They are characterized by a buildup of material on the skin surface or by depressions in the skin surface.
d. Papules such as acne and warts are examples of secondary lesions.

Which of the following is an example of a primary lesion?
a. a fissure
b. an ulcer
c. a crust
d. a wheal

A big blister cause by contact dermatitis and large second-degree burns is an example of primary lesions called
a. nodules
b. fissures
c. bullae
d. keloids

Identify examples of primary lesions called papule.
a. Hives and mosquito bites
b. Freckles or ‘age spots’
c. Poison ivy and poison oak
d. Acne, warts, and elevated nevi

Identify examples of secondary lesions called crusts.
a. Scabs and sores
b. Excessive dandruff and psoriasis
c. Severely cracked or chapped hands, lips, or feet
d. Nail cuticle damage from nail biting

Which of the following is defined as a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue?
a. an excoriation
b. a fissure
c. a cicatrix
d. a keloid

Postoperative repair is an example of secondary lesions called
a. macules
b. curst
c. cicatrix
d. scale

Chicken pox and herpes are examples of secondary lesions called
a. fissures
b. papules
c. vesicles
d. ulcers

A closed comedo is
a. also know as a blackhead.
b. a bump just under the surface of the skin that appears when the follicle is not exposed to the environment.
c. a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum.
d. usually brown in color and appears most frequently in the T-zone, which is the center of the face.

Identify a characteristic of the skin disorder called milia.
a. They are medically known as acne vulgaris or acne simplex.
b. They are big, jutting, pocketlike lesions filled with keratin.
c. They develop when skin flakes get trapped in small pockets near the surface of the skin.
d. They can usually be found on the eyebrows, beard, scalp.

__________ is a chronic condition that mainly appears on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness); in some cases, symptoms may progress to pustular-type breakouts that may look like acne.
a. Milia
b. Anhidrosis
c. Telangiectasia
d. Rosacea

Seborrheic dermatitis is
a. commonly known as a sebaceous cyst.
b. typically contagious.
c. caused by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
d. a condition involving visible capillaries.

Identify an accurate statement about seborrheic dermatitis.
a. It is usually characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, stubborn dandruff, crusting, and/or itchiness.
b. It produces red, flaky skin that appears behind the ears and on the elbows and knees.
c. It can be cured by applying fatty skin care products.
d. It is extremely contagious.

Which of the following is defined as a deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat and is often caused by damage to autonomic nerves?
a. telangiectasia
b. miliaria rubra
c. bromhidrosis
d. anhidrosis

Which of the following is an accurate statement about hyperhidrosis?
a. It is foul-smelling perspiration, commonly noticeable in the armpits, usually caused by bacteria.
b. It is excessive sweating caused by heat, stress, genetics, medicines, or general body weakness.
c. It is a skin condition caused by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
d. It is a chronic condition that appears mainly on the cheeks and nose.

Which of the following is a generalized term for any inflammatory skin condition?
a. anhidrosis
b. rosacea
c. dermatitis
d. milia

Which of the following is a characteristic of eczema?
a. It is characterized by weeping lesions.
b. It is extremely contagious.
c. It is an eye infection and may be caused by a virus or bacterium.
d. It involves moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and, occasionally, severe itching.

Conjunctivitis is
a. a contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by weeping lesions.
b. characterized by the eruption of a single vesicle or group of vesicles on a red swollen base.
c. an eye infection and may be caused by a virus or a bacterium.
d. characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and occasionally, severe itching.

__ is a contagious bacterial skin infection that is characterized by weeping lesions.
a. Conjunctivitis
b. Hyperhidrosis
c. Rosacea
d. Impetigo

Identify a true statement about herpes simplex 1.
a. It occurs below the waist.
b. It is characterized by the eruption of a single vesicle or group of vesicle on a red swollen base.
c. It is a bacterial infection.
d. It is also known as pinkeye and is an eye infection that is seldom contagious.

Which of the following is a characteristic of herpes simplex 1?
a. It is a deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat.
b. It is typically caused by staphylococcus bacteria.
c. It is contagious and needs a medical referral.
d. It is a skin condition caused by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands.

Which of the following common hypertrophies is defined as an acquired, superficial, thickened epidermis patch?
a. psoriasis
b. skin tag
c. mole
d. keratoma

Identify the characteristic of psoriasis.
a. It is extremely contagious.
b. It is typically curable.
c. It typically occurs on the scalp, knees, chest, elbows, and lower back.
d. It is a keratoma caused by repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin.

A verruca, or wart, is a
a. thickening of skin that forms on pressure areas of the foot.
b. small spot or blemish on the skin.
c. condition caused by staphylococcus bacteria.
d. hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis.

Which of the following is a condition characterized by hyperpigmentation in spots that are not elevated and typically caused by cumulative sun exposure or aging?
a. nevus
b. chloasma
c. albinism
d. vitilgo

Albinism is a
a. skin disorder characterized by light or white irregular patches caused by a scar, burn, inflammation, or congenital disease.
b. type of hormonal hyperpigmentation disorder that appears during pregnancy.
c. rare genetic condition that is characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes.
d. malformation of the skin due to irregular pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

__, a hereditary skin condition, causes hypopigmented skin splotches and spots that are often milky white in appearance.
a. Keratoma
b. Psoriasis
c. Impetigo
d. Vitilgo

The hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, clogging follicles and exacerbating inflammatory acne lesions such as pustules and papules, is known as
a. hypertrophy.
b. dermatitis.
c. retention hyperkeratosis.
d. miliaria rubra

The fundamentals of mild acne treatment involve the use of
a. makeup and skin care products that are comedogenic.
b. skin care products without benzoyl peroxide.
c. harsh facial cleansers that help remove oil from the skin
d. mild exfoliation treatments that gently remove dead skin cells

Which of the following statements associated with the intrinsic factors that influence skin aging is true?
a. Intrinsically aged skin shows an increased number of fibroblasts and increased collagen production.
b. Gravitational pull, the constant pulling downward on our skin and bodies, is a consistent skin-aging factor for everybody.
c. Low levels of pigmentation help protect the skin from the cumulative effects of photoaging.
d. When the skin becomes more elastic, gravity makes the eyebrows and eyelids droop.

Which of the following statements associated with the extrinsic factors that influence skin aging is true?
a. Smoking reduces the number of free radicals, which are unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging.
b. Extrinsic factors are skin-aging factors that cannot be controlled.
c. Tanning and sunbathing, which contribute significantly to skin cancer and aging, should always be discouraged by skin care professionals.
d. Alcohol facilitates the distribution of nutrition distribution to the skin and body tissues.

To reduce sun damage to the skin,
a. wear cotton shirts that offer less than Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) 7.
b. avoid using sunscreens labeled broad spectrum.
c. use only sunscreens labeled waterproof or sweat proof.
d. apply sunscreen on the body and wear protective clothing

Which of the following is a guideline to reduce sun damage to the skin?
a. Apply sunscreen at least 10 minutes prior to sun exposure to allow time for absorption.
b. Use sunscreen when exposing children under six months of age to the sun rather than physically shielding them.
c. Avoid extended exposure to the sun during peak hours when UV exposure is the highest.
d. Avoid applying sunscreen after activities that cause heavy perspiration.

Identify a true statement about squamous cell carcinoma.
a. It is less serious than basal cell carcinoma.
b. It is the most dangerous form of skin cancer.
c. It is characterized by uneven, black patches on the skin.
d. It is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules.

Suggest that a client consult a dermatologist for diagnosis and treatment when you notice that the client has
a. sores that heal quickly without any treatment.
b. recurrent scaly areas that may be rough to touch
c. lentigines.
d. a nevus.

According to the American Cancer Society, professionals should use the ABCDE Cancer Checklist to spot signs of change in an existing mole. Which of the following is a sign included in this checklist?
a. One half of the mole matches the other half.
b. The mole's color is the same all over.
c. The mole's edges are ragged or notched.
d. The mole is wider than about 0.1 inch.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is
a. caused when irritating or allergy-causing substances temporarily damage the epidermis.
b. a hereditary condition that causes hypopigmented skin spots and splotches that are often milky white in appearance.
c. a rare genetic condition characterized by the absence of melanin pigment in the body.
d. caused by repeated skin contact with a chemical that a person is allergic to.

Identify a characteristic of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD).
a. It occurs when a person acquires an allergy to an ingredient or a chemical.
b. It occurs when irritating substances permanently damage the epidermis of the skin.
c. It is not usually chronic if precautions are taken.
d. It is not worsened by repeated exposure to irritant chemicals.

To prevent contact dermatitis,
a. create sensitization by repeatedly using containers with products in them.
b. avoid moisturizing your hands frequently.
c. wash your hands frequently without using hand creams after the wash.
d. use implements or gloves when you need to work with irritating chemicals