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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 3 - Gas exchange and Ventilation in Bony Fish and Insects

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As organisms get larger, the diffusion distance increases, meaning gases must travel further to reach cells. This makes simple diffusion less efficient, so larger organisms need specialized gas exchange systems to meet their oxygen demands.

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of the diffusion distance?

It increases

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of the diffusion distance?

It increases

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of the surface area?

It increases

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of volume?

It increases

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of the SA:V?

It decreases

Why do more active organisms have a greater demand for Oxygen and Glucose?

  • more energy is required for more movement

  • more ATP must be produced

  • more aerobic respiration must occur

What are the 4 features of efficient exchange surfaces?

  • increased SA

  • thin layers

  • good blood supply

  • ventilation to maintain diffusion gradient (for gas...

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TermDefinition

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of the diffusion distance?

It increases

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of the surface area?

It increases

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of volume?

It increases

As organisms get larger, what happens to the size of the SA:V?

It decreases

Why do more active organisms have a greater demand for Oxygen and Glucose?

  • more energy is required for more movement

  • more ATP must be produced

  • more aerobic respiration must occur

  • more reactants (glucose and oxygen) is required

What are the 4 features of efficient exchange surfaces?

  • increased SA

  • thin layers

  • good blood supply

  • ventilation to maintain diffusion gradient (for gaseous diffusion)

Why does an increased surface area make an exchange surface more efficient?

Provides the area needed for exchange surface to overcome the limitations of low SA:V ratio

Why do thin layers make an exchange surface more efficient?

The distances that substances have to diffuse across are shorter making diffusion quicker

Why does a good supply make an exchange surface more efficient?

The greater the difference in concentration the greater the rate of diffusion, a good blood supply means substances are constantly being delivered and removed, maintaining the steep concentration gradient

Why does ventilation increase the efficiency of a gas exchange surface?

Helps to maintain a steep concentration gradient