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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 4 - Biodiversity Part 2

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This flashcard deck covers key concepts from Unit 4 of the A-Level OCR Biology syllabus, focusing on biodiversity. It includes definitions, sampling methods, and types of biodiversity.

What is a seed bank?

A store of genetic material from plants in the form of seeds
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is a seed bank?
A store of genetic material from plants in the form of seeds
Define gene flow
When alleles are transferred from one population to another by interbreeding
Define natural selection
The process by which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce, passing on their characteristics to their offspring via their g...
Define ecosystem
All the interacting living organisms and non-living conditions in an area
Define habitat
The natural environment of an organism
Define population
The number of organisms of the same species living in a particular geographic area

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TermDefinition
What is a seed bank?
A store of genetic material from plants in the form of seeds
Define gene flow
When alleles are transferred from one population to another by interbreeding
Define natural selection
The process by which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce, passing on their characteristics to their offspring via their genes
Define ecosystem
All the interacting living organisms and non-living conditions in an area
Define habitat
The natural environment of an organism
Define population
The number of organisms of the same species living in a particular geographic area
What are the 3 types of biodiversity?
habitat species genetic
What is habitat biodiversity?
The number of different habitats
What is species biodiversity?
The number of species and the abundance of each species in a particular location
What is genetic biodiversity?
The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic make-up of a species
What is sampling?
The process of collecting data in a suitable way
Why is sampling important?
means data is representative is as it can be - makes data collection more manageable
What is random sampling?
Each individual in the population has an equal likelihood of selection
What is non-random sampling?
An alternative sampling method where the sample is not chosen at random
How could an area be randomly sampled?
a grid could be laid out using two tape measures a random number generator is used to generate a grid reference a quadrat is placed at the grid reference a sample is collected
What are the 3 main non-random sampling techniques?
opportunistic (pragmatic) stratified systematic
What is opportunistic sampling?
Sampling which uses organisms conveniently available
What is stratified sampling?
some populations can be divided into distinct groups - a random sample is then taken from each of these groups proportional to its size
What is systematic sampling?
Samples are taken at regular intervals
What is a frame quadrat?
A frame quadrat consists of a square frame divided into a grid of equal sections
What is a point quadrat?
a point quadrat consists of a frame containing a horizontal bar, pins can be pushed down at set intervals to reach the ground. The plant which the pin touches is what is recorded
What is a line transect?
A line is marked along the ground between two points and samples are taken at specified points
What is a belt transect?
Two parallel lines are marked and samples are taken of the area between the two lines
What is an interrupted belt transect?
A transect is marked out and frame quadrats are placed at regular intervals along the transect
When would systematic sampling be useful?
When studying how biodiversity changes along an area