LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 4 - Classification
The five-kingdom classification system groups organisms into Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Prokaryotae, and Protoctista based on cell type, structure, and mode of nutrition. This system helps organize the diversity of life for easier study and comparison.
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Plantae, animalia, fungi, prokaryote, protocstita
Key Terms
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Plantae, animalia, fungi, prokaryote, protocstita
Define classification
Putting similar organisms into groups based on shared similarities e.g anatomy, physiology, behaviour
Define taxonomy
The study of principles of classification
Define taxon
a group
Define hierarchy
A series of smaller and smaller groups
Define phylogeny
The study of evolutionary relationship between organisms
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the 5 kingdoms? | Plantae, animalia, fungi, prokaryote, protocstita |
Define classification | Putting similar organisms into groups based on shared similarities e.g anatomy, physiology, behaviour |
Define taxonomy | The study of principles of classification |
Define taxon | a group |
Define hierarchy | A series of smaller and smaller groups |
Define phylogeny | The study of evolutionary relationship between organisms |
What modern evidence is available to taxonomists now? | DNA/genes RNA Amino acids + proteins Lipid structure in membranes |
In order, what is the taxonomic hierarchy? | Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
What are the criteria for being a species? | interbreeding group produce viable and fertile offspring have similarities in anatomy, biochemistry share common ancestry occupy some ecological niche |
Why is it important to have a universal system fir naming organisms? | So a specific organism can be identified |
What are the rules for writing the name of a species? | Genus species (Genus beginning with a capital letter, followed by species beginning with a lowercase letter) |
Define species | An interbreeding group capable of producing viable and fertile offspring which have similarities in anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology and share common ancestry |
Why are horses and donkeys considered separate species? | Though able to interbreed, they are not able to produce fertile offspring |
Why are mules not considered a separate species? | They are infertile |
Why do mules not have a scientific name? | They are not a species |
Why does differing numbers of chromosomes in interbreeding animals produce infertile offspring? | Meisosis cannot occur as the different numbers of chromosomes mean the chromosomes are unable to match up |
What is binomial nomenclature? | The two name system of naming organisms using genus and species |
What is a phylogenetic tree? | The evolutionary relationships between organisms are represented as a branching tree |
What is a sister group? | Groups with a recent split, the two groups that diverged most recently |
What is a common ancestor? | A group of organisms everything else has evolved from |
What is a node? (in relation to phylogenetic trees) | Divergence of a species |
What is a tip? (in relation to phylogenetic trees) | Present day organisms |
If two species have a recent divergence, are they closely related? | Yes. The more recent the divergence, the more closely related organisms are |
Which taxon is larger than kingdoms? | Domain |
Under the 3 domain system, how many kingdoms are there? | 6 |
What are the characteristics of the kingdom Animalia? (Give 5) | eukaryotic multicellular membrane bound organelles heterophobic feeders no cell walls store food as glycogen |
What are the characteristics of the kingdom Plantae? (Give 5) | eukaryotic cellulose cell walls chloroplasts multicellular autotrophic feeders food stored as starch membrane bound organelles |
What are the characteristics of the kingdom fungi? (Give 5) | eukaryotic multi or uni cellular chitin cell walls most saprotrophic feeders store food as glycogen membrane bound organelles |
What are the characteristics of the kingdom Prokaryotae? (Give 5) | prokaryotic unicellular peptidoglycan cell walls DNA not associated with histones DNA circular no membrane bound organelles |
What are the characteristics of protoctista? | Any organism that is excluded from other kingdoms is placed in protoctista |
What are the 3 domains? | Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya |
Under the 3 domain system, what are the 6 kingdoms? | Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protoctista Plantae Fungi Animalia |
Give 3 similarities between the domains of Bacteria and Archae | circular chromosomes no nucleus 70s ribosomes no membrane bound organelles |
Give a similarity between the domains of Bacteria and Eukarya | -normal phospholipids in membranes |
Give 3 similarities between the domains of Eukarya and Archae | similar DNA replication histones bound to DNA No peptidoglycan cell walls not susceptible to antibiotics similar RNA polymerase |