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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 4 - Variation and Evolution Part 3

Biology29 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in adaptation and evolution, including types of adaptations, examples, and evolutionary processes.

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Define adaptation

Characteristics that increase an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in its environment
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define adaptation
Characteristics that increase an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in its environment
What are the 3 types of adaptations?
anatomical behavioural physiological
What are anatomical adaptations?
Adaptations relating to physical features, both internal and external
Give 4 examples of anatomical adaptions
Camouflage Teeth i.e. shape and type are related to diet Mimicry Body Covering i.e. scales, feathers, fur
What are behavioural adaptations?
Adaptations relating to the way an organism acts
What are the 2 types of behavioural adaptations?
Innate and learned
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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 4 - Variation and Evolution Part 3
TermDefinition
Define adaptation
Characteristics that increase an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in its environment
What are the 3 types of adaptations?
anatomical behavioural physiological
What are anatomical adaptations?
Adaptations relating to physical features, both internal and external
Give 4 examples of anatomical adaptions
Camouflage Teeth i.e. shape and type are related to diet Mimicry Body Covering i.e. scales, feathers, fur
What are behavioural adaptations?
Adaptations relating to the way an organism acts
What are the 2 types of behavioural adaptations?
Innate and learned
What is an innate behavioural adaption?
The ability to do the behaviour is inherited through genes
Give an example of 2 innate adaptions
spiders building webs | - caterpillars building cocoons
What is a learned behaviour adaptation?
a behaviour that is learnt from experience or observation
Give 2 examples of learned adatations
use of tools | - playing dead
What are physiological adaptations?
Adaptations relating to processes that take place within an organism
Give 4 examples of physiological adaptations
Poison production in reptiles and plants Antibiotic production to kill competing bacteria water holding better adapted for dry conditions blinking
Define analogous structure
Structures which have adapted to perform the same function but have different (genetic) origins
Define convergent evolution
Organisms evolve similarities because the organisms adapt to similar environments or other selection processes
Why do organisms from different taxonomic groups show similar structures?
-they adapt to similar environments or other selection pressures
Give an example of two sets of organisms from different taxonomic groups that are similar
Marsupials and placental mammals in Australia
Define allele frequency
How many alleles of a particular type are found in the total number of possible alleles for that gene
Define gene pool
All genes and their allelic forms in a given population
Define selection pressure
Any factor for which there is competition between individuals in which some will survive and some will die
Define selectively neutral gene
an allele not involved in the selection of individuals
Define advantageous allele
An allele which provides an individual with a survival advantage
Define advantageous characterisitc
A characteristic which arises from an advantageous allele, which provides an individual with a survival advantage
Define evolution
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth
Define natural selection
The process by which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce, passing on their characteristics to their offspring through their genes
Describe the effect of the industrial revolution on peppered moths
before the industrial revolution peppered moths were light in colour after the industrial revolution peppered moths became darker soot caused the bark of trees to get darker dark colour moths were better camouflaged light moths were eaten
What was the effect of the industrial revolution on the allele frequency for black wings in peppered moths?
The alleles frequency increased
What characteristics increase the ability of a population to survive a change in the environment?
having a large gene pool means a population is likely to evolve and tolerate change in environment because the population is more likely to have some individuals with advantageous characteristics who will survive
Give 3 organisms which human activity has affected the populations
blowflies MRSA flavobacterium
How have humans affected Staph. A?
-use of antibiotics has led to bacteria developing resistance