Characteristics of genetic code
Universal
Triplet code
Degenerate
Non-overlapping
Key Terms
Characteristics of genetic code
Universal
Triplet code
Degenerate
Non-overlapping
Properties of DNA
Introns
Exons
Introns
Sections of DNA that do not code for a polypeptide
Regulatory sequences
Acts as a buffer for mutations
Regulatory sequences
Promoter regions
Terminator regions
Operator regions (prokaryotes)
Exons
Sections of DNA that code for polypeptides
Regulatory or structural genes
Regulatory genes
Genes that code for proteins used in DNA regulation
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Characteristics of genetic code | Universal Triplet code Degenerate Non-overlapping |
Properties of DNA | Introns Exons |
Introns | Sections of DNA that do not code for a polypeptide Regulatory sequences Acts as a buffer for mutations |
Regulatory sequences | Promoter regions Terminator regions Operator regions (prokaryotes) |
Exons | Sections of DNA that code for polypeptides Regulatory or structural genes |
Regulatory genes | Genes that code for proteins used in DNA regulation |
Structural genes | Genes that code for regular proteins |
Mutagens | Chemical, physical, or biological agents which cause mutations e.g. viruses (viral DNA inserts itself into the genome), radiation (Breaks one or both DNA strands) |
Where can genes be turned on or off | Transcriptional Post-transcriptional Translational Post-translational |
When does up/down regulation occur | Post trasncriptional Translational Post translational Either increases/ decreases rate of protein synthesis |
When are proteins modified | Translational Post translational |
Where are ribosomes assembled | Nucleolus |
Why is there a ribosomal groove | So mRNA can be read for transcription |
Types of mutations | Genes Chromosomal |
Point mutations | Mutations that occur at a spp point Insertion Substitution Deletion |
Effects of point mutations of proteins | Silent Missense Nonsense |
Insertion mutations | Addn. of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence |
Substitution mutation | Occurs when a base pair is substituted for another |
Deletion mutation | Occurs when a base pair is deleted from the DNA sequence |
Frameshift | A mutation caused by the addn. or deln. of a base pair(s) resulting in the translation of the genetic code from an unnatural reading frame from the point mutation to the end of the gene |