Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 3 - Transport in Plants Part 4

LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 3 - Transport in Plants Part 4

Biology19 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers adaptations of xerophytes and hydrophytes, focusing on their structural and physiological traits that enable survival in extreme environments.

How do hairy leaves adapt xerophytes?

create a microclimate of still, humid air this reduces the water vapour potential gradient minimises the loss of water by transpiration from the surface of the leaf

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

How do hairy leaves adapt xerophytes?

create a microclimate of still, humid air this reduces the water vapour potential gradient minimises the loss of water by transpiration from the su...

How do curled leaves adapt xerophytes?

confine all the stomata within a microenvironment of still, humid air to reduce diffusion of water vapour from the stomata

How are succulents adapted to their environment?

contain specialist parenchyma tissue in stems and roots | - water in stored in these and then used in times of drought

How can losing leaves adapt a xerophyte?

leaves lost when water is not available reduces water loss by transpiration trunk and branches turn green and photosynthesise

How do xerophytes have roots adapted for their environment?

long tap roots grow deep into the ground below the surface mass of widespread shallow roots with large surface area are able to absorb surface wate...

How can some xerophytes 'avoid the problem' of their environments?

plants die but leave seeds to germinate and grow rapidly when it rains again some survive as storage organs (e.g tubers, bulbs) some plants can be ...

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TermDefinition

How do hairy leaves adapt xerophytes?

create a microclimate of still, humid air this reduces the water vapour potential gradient minimises the loss of water by transpiration from the surface of the leaf

How do curled leaves adapt xerophytes?

confine all the stomata within a microenvironment of still, humid air to reduce diffusion of water vapour from the stomata

How are succulents adapted to their environment?

contain specialist parenchyma tissue in stems and roots | - water in stored in these and then used in times of drought

How can losing leaves adapt a xerophyte?

leaves lost when water is not available reduces water loss by transpiration trunk and branches turn green and photosynthesise

How do xerophytes have roots adapted for their environment?

long tap roots grow deep into the ground below the surface mass of widespread shallow roots with large surface area are able to absorb surface water before a rain shower evaporates

How can some xerophytes 'avoid the problem' of their environments?

plants die but leave seeds to germinate and grow rapidly when it rains again some survive as storage organs (e.g tubers, bulbs) some plants can be completely dehydrated and recover when it rains again

What is a hydrophyte?

-plants with adaptations that enable them to survive in very wet habitats or submerged at the surface of the water

Give two examples of hydrophytes

Water lilies and water cress

What are the problems faced by hydrophytes?

water logging, air spaces of plants need to be full of air not water it is important that leaves float on water to enable photosynthesis

How does having a thin/no waxy cuticle adapt hydrophytes?

-allows water to be lost through transpiration

How does the waxy cuticle of hydrophytes and xerophytes differ?

Hydrophytes may have a very thin or no waxy cuticle whereas xerophytes have very thick waxy cuticles

How does having many stomata that are permanently open adapt hydrophytes?

maximises gas exchange

Why do hydrophytes have reduced structural support?

water supports the leaves and flowers | - so no need for strong supporting structures

How do wide, flat leaves adapt hydrophytes?

spread across the surface of the water | - capture as much light as possible

Why do hydrophytes have small roots?

water can diffuse directly into stem and leaf tissue | - so less need for uptake by roots

How does have a large surface area of stems and roots under water adapt hydrophytes?

-maximises area for photosynthesis and for oxygen to diffuse into submerged plants

How do air sacs adapt hydrophytes?

-enable leaves and/or flowers to float on the surface of the water

What are aerenchyma?

Specialised parenchyma tissue which has many large air spaces

How do aerenchyma adapt hydrophytes?

makes leaves and stems more buoyant form a low resistance pathway for the movement of substances such as oxygen to tissues below water this helps the plant to cope with extreme low oxygen conditions