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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 4 - Variation and Evolution Part 2

Biology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to variation and evolution, including types of variation, genetic influences, and statistical methods used in biological studies.

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How do chromosomal mutations arise?

From crossing over
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
How do chromosomal mutations arise?
From crossing over
What are the two sources of variation in meiosis?
crossing over - independent assortment
What are the two types of variation?
Continuous and discontinuous
What is continuous variation?
Variation of all possible intermediate values between the two extremes it can be plotted to give a normal distribution curve
Give 2 examples of continuous variation
Height | Weight
What is discontinuous variation?
discrete groupings of individuals | - presented as a bar chart
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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 4 - Variation and Evolution Part 2
TermDefinition
How do chromosomal mutations arise?
From crossing over
What are the two sources of variation in meiosis?
crossing over - independent assortment
What are the two types of variation?
Continuous and discontinuous
What is continuous variation?
Variation of all possible intermediate values between the two extremes it can be plotted to give a normal distribution curve
Give 2 examples of continuous variation
Height | Weight
What is discontinuous variation?
discrete groupings of individuals | - presented as a bar chart
Give an example of discontinuous variation
Blood group
Why does continuous variation occur?
-due to the inheritance of 2 or more genes
Why does discontinuous variation occur?
Result of inheritance of one gene with 2 or more alleles
Is continuous variation influenced by the environment?
It can be
Is discontinuous variation influenced by the environment?
No
Define polygenic
A characteristic is controlled by two or more genes
Define multifactorial
Involving both genetic and environmental factors
Outline the process of natural selection
populations show a wide range of variation population is exposed to a selection pressure organisms with a characteristic enables them to survive the selection pressure have an advantage they survive and reproduce organisms that survive possess an allele giving them the advantageous characteristic offspring gain the survival advantage frequency of the advantageous allele increases
What are the 4 characteristics of a normal distribution curve?
unimodal asymptotic symmetrical mean, median, and mode are all equal
What is standard deviation?
A measure of spread of data around the mean
What is the student's t test used for?
To compare 2 sets of numerical data
When is the unpaired t test used?
To compare data from different individuals
When is the paired t test used?
To compare data from the same individual
When is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient used?
To determine if there is a correlation between two variables