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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 5 - Plant and Animal Responses Part 2

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts from Unit 5 of A-Level OCR Biology, focusing on plant and animal responses, including geotropism, nervous systems, and brain functions.

Research supporting geotropism in shoots

Plants are grown on a slowly rotating drum (clinostat) so gravitational stimulus is applied evenly; Plants grow straight in both light and dark
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Research supporting geotropism in shoots
Plants are grown on a slowly rotating drum (clinostat) so gravitational stimulus is applied evenly; Plants grow straight in both light and dark
Research supporting geotropism in roots
Seeds are placed in petri dishes w/ moist cotton wool that are rotated 90 degrees as seedlings grow; Cover lid w/ oil - ensure no light is coming in; ...
Investigating role of gibberellin in stem elongation
Plant 40 plants; Water 20 plants normally; Water other 20 w/ diluted solution of gibberellins; Let all 40 grow for 28 days, measuring height every 7; ...
IAA
Natural form of auxin responsible for +ve phototropism so plant bends towards light to phostosynthesise and grow taller and grows roots to reach water...
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord; Mostly relay neurones in brain; Mostly non-myelinated in brain and myelinated in spinal cord
Role of peripheral nervous system
Ensure rapid comm between the sensory receptors, CNS and effectors

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TermDefinition
Research supporting geotropism in shoots
Plants are grown on a slowly rotating drum (clinostat) so gravitational stimulus is applied evenly; Plants grow straight in both light and dark
Research supporting geotropism in roots
Seeds are placed in petri dishes w/ moist cotton wool that are rotated 90 degrees as seedlings grow; Cover lid w/ oil - ensure no light is coming in; All petri dishes should be in same environment; Geotropic response in the roots can be seen every 2 hours
Investigating role of gibberellin in stem elongation
Plant 40 plants; Water 20 plants normally; Water other 20 w/ diluted solution of gibberellins; Let all 40 grow for 28 days, measuring height every 7; Calculate rate at which plants grew
IAA
Natural form of auxin responsible for +ve phototropism so plant bends towards light to phostosynthesise and grow taller and grows roots to reach water and nutrients; Light stimulus detected by tip of plant
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord; Mostly relay neurones in brain; Mostly non-myelinated in brain and myelinated in spinal cord
Role of peripheral nervous system
Ensure rapid comm between the sensory receptors, CNS and effectors
Divisions of PNS
Sensory nerous systems; | Motor nervous system
Sensory nervous system
Neurons conduct action potentials from the sensory receptor into the CNS
Divisions of motor nervous system
Autonomic; | Somatic
Somatic nervous system
Motor neurones that conduct action potentials to effectors that are under voluntary control e.g. skeletal muscles; Mostly myelinated neurones; One single motor neuone connecting CNS to effector
Autonomic nervous system
Motor neurones that conduct action potentials to effectors that arent under voluntary control e.g. cardiac muscles; Mostly unmyelinated neurones; At least two motor neurones involved - connected at ganglia
Divisions of autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic; | Parasympathetic
Ganglia in sympathetic system
Outside CNS, near spinal cord
Ganglia in parasympathetic system
Closer to effector tissue
Neurones in sympathetic system
Short pre-ganglionic neurones | Long post-ganglionic neurones
Neurones in parasympathetic system
Long pre-ganglionic neurones | Short post-ganglionic neurones
Neurotransmitter in sympathetic system
Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter in parasympathetic system
Acetylcholine
Four sections of the brain
Cerebrum; Cerebellum; Medulla Oblongata; Hypothalamus and pituitary complex
Cerebrum
Largest part of human brain; Two hemispheres connected by corpus callosum; Involved in control of speech and higher thought processes e.g. planning a task
Cerebral cortex
Highly folded; Outer part of cerebrum; Involved in higher thought e.g. overriding reflexes, conscious thought, intelligence and reasoning
What is the cerebral cortex divided into
Sensory areas - recieve impulses from sensory neurones; Motor areas - send impulses out to effectors; Association areas - link info and coordinate approriate respnse
Cerebellum
Controls muscular movement and balance; Connected to cerebrum by pons; Coordination of posture
Medulla oblongata
Controls involuntary processes e.g. heart rate and breathing rate; Has specialised centres that recieve info from internal receptors and adjust breathing and heart rate accordingly
Hypothalamus and pituitary complex
Organises homeostatic responses and controls various physiological processes; Info is recieved from hypothalamus and hormones are released via the pituitary gland (controls endocrine system)