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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 5 - Plant and Animal Responses Part 6

Biology17 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts from Unit 5 of A-Level OCR Biology, focusing on plant and animal responses, including the effects of the PNS/SNS, plant hormones, and environmental adaptations.

How is the heart affected in the PNS/SNS

Slow HR vs. fast HR
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
How is the heart affected in the PNS/SNS
Slow HR vs. fast HR
How are the lungs affected by the PNS/SNS
Shallow breaths vs deep breaths
How is the liver affected by the PNS/SNS
Glucose take up (glycogenesis) vs glucose used up (glycolysis)
How is the stomach affected by the PNS/SNS
More peristalsis vs. less
How does the SNS affect smooth muscle
Alters blood flow to increase bp; Vasoconstriction; Peristalsis slows down; Relaxes in airways (increases diameter); Pupils dilate
How does the SNS affect cardiac muscle
Heart beats faster | Beats w/ more force

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TermDefinition
How is the heart affected in the PNS/SNS
Slow HR vs. fast HR
How are the lungs affected by the PNS/SNS
Shallow breaths vs deep breaths
How is the liver affected by the PNS/SNS
Glucose take up (glycogenesis) vs glucose used up (glycolysis)
How is the stomach affected by the PNS/SNS
More peristalsis vs. less
How does the SNS affect smooth muscle
Alters blood flow to increase bp; Vasoconstriction; Peristalsis slows down; Relaxes in airways (increases diameter); Pupils dilate
How does the SNS affect cardiac muscle
Heart beats faster | Beats w/ more force
How does SNS affect voluntary muscles
Glycogenolysis in muscles for priming; Diaphragm contracting faster; More blood flow to skeletal muscle --> respiration
Long term effects of chronic stress
Cardiovascular problems due to high bp | Suppression of immune system leads to susceptibility to disease
Photoperiodism
Plants' sensitivity to a lack of light, affects several diff plant responses e.g. flowering
Phytochrome
Light sensitive pigment that affects the sensitivity of plants to light; Exists in two forms, Pt and Pft
How do plants prevent freezing
Cytoplasm and vacuole contain sap that lowers the freezing point; Produce biological molecules (excluding lipids) to prevent cytoplasm freezing or protect cells from damage if they do freeze
Commercial uses of plant hormones
Ethene to control ripeneing; Hormone rooting powders and micropropagation; Auxin to produce seedless fruit; Cytokinins to prevent aging; Gibberellins to improve size and shape
Transverse tubules
Extensions into sarcolemma
Factors affecting stomatal closure
Temperature | Water availability
How does increases in temp affect stomata
Release of ABA decreases; Stomata open; Allows plant to cool through water evaporation
How does decrease in water availability affect stomatal
Increased release of ABA; Stomata close; Reduces water loss through transpiration
How do gibberellins cause stem elongation
Promote cell elongation - by loosening cell walls | Promote cell division - producing proteins that control the cell cycle