Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 5 - Plant and Animal Responses Part 6
LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 5 - Plant and Animal Responses Part 6
This deck covers key concepts from Unit 5 of A-Level OCR Biology, focusing on plant and animal responses, including the effects of the PNS/SNS, plant hormones, and environmental adaptations.
How is the heart affected in the PNS/SNS
Slow HR vs. fast HR
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
How is the heart affected in the PNS/SNS
Slow HR vs. fast HR
How are the lungs affected by the PNS/SNS
Shallow breaths vs deep breaths
How is the liver affected by the PNS/SNS
Glucose take up (glycogenesis) vs glucose used up (glycolysis)
How is the stomach affected by the PNS/SNS
More peristalsis vs. less
How does the SNS affect smooth muscle
Alters blood flow to increase bp; Vasoconstriction; Peristalsis slows down; Relaxes in airways (increases diameter); Pupils dilate
How does the SNS affect cardiac muscle
Heart beats faster | Beats w/ more force
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
How is the heart affected in the PNS/SNS | Slow HR vs. fast HR |
How are the lungs affected by the PNS/SNS | Shallow breaths vs deep breaths |
How is the liver affected by the PNS/SNS | Glucose take up (glycogenesis) vs glucose used up (glycolysis) |
How is the stomach affected by the PNS/SNS | More peristalsis vs. less |
How does the SNS affect smooth muscle | Alters blood flow to increase bp; Vasoconstriction; Peristalsis slows down; Relaxes in airways (increases diameter); Pupils dilate |
How does the SNS affect cardiac muscle | Heart beats faster | Beats w/ more force |
How does SNS affect voluntary muscles | Glycogenolysis in muscles for priming; Diaphragm contracting faster; More blood flow to skeletal muscle --> respiration |
Long term effects of chronic stress | Cardiovascular problems due to high bp | Suppression of immune system leads to susceptibility to disease |
Photoperiodism | Plants' sensitivity to a lack of light, affects several diff plant responses e.g. flowering |
Phytochrome | Light sensitive pigment that affects the sensitivity of plants to light; Exists in two forms, Pt and Pft |
How do plants prevent freezing | Cytoplasm and vacuole contain sap that lowers the freezing point; Produce biological molecules (excluding lipids) to prevent cytoplasm freezing or protect cells from damage if they do freeze |
Commercial uses of plant hormones | Ethene to control ripeneing; Hormone rooting powders and micropropagation; Auxin to produce seedless fruit; Cytokinins to prevent aging; Gibberellins to improve size and shape |
Transverse tubules | Extensions into sarcolemma |
Factors affecting stomatal closure | Temperature | Water availability |
How does increases in temp affect stomata | Release of ABA decreases; Stomata open; Allows plant to cool through water evaporation |
How does decrease in water availability affect stomatal | Increased release of ABA; Stomata close; Reduces water loss through transpiration |
How do gibberellins cause stem elongation | Promote cell elongation - by loosening cell walls | Promote cell division - producing proteins that control the cell cycle |