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OCR Biology A - 2.1.1 - Cell Structure Part 3

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers the structure and function of various cell organelles, differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and the roles of cellular components.

Organelles

Components of a cell, each with a different function
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Organelles
Components of a cell, each with a different function
Membrane bound
Surrounded by a membrane
Structure of a nucleus
Double nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleoli Membrane of nuclear envelope continuous with rough ER membranes Nucleoplasm containing chromatins
Function of nucleus
Contains genetic material (chromosomes) | Controls cell activities
Function of double nuclear envelope
To enclose and protect DNA
Function of nuclear pores
Allow entry of substances such as nucleotides for DNA replication and exit of molecules such as mRNA during protein synthesis

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TermDefinition
Organelles
Components of a cell, each with a different function
Membrane bound
Surrounded by a membrane
Structure of a nucleus
Double nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleoli Membrane of nuclear envelope continuous with rough ER membranes Nucleoplasm containing chromatins
Function of nucleus
Contains genetic material (chromosomes) | Controls cell activities
Function of double nuclear envelope
To enclose and protect DNA
Function of nuclear pores
Allow entry of substances such as nucleotides for DNA replication and exit of molecules such as mRNA during protein synthesis
Function of nucleoplasm containing chromatin
It is these, during cell division, condense to form chromosomes
Function of the nucleoli
Assembles ribosomes, coenzymes, proteins and RNA
Function of outer membrane of nuclear envelope being continuous with rough ER
Makes perinuclear space continuous with the lumen of the ER, thus allowing easy transport of substances
Structure of mitochondrion
Double membrane Inner membrane spanned by porins Inner membrane folded to form cristae
Function of double membrane in mitochondrion
Isolates reactions of the Kreb’s cycle. Compartmentalisation allows high conc. of enzymes and substrates to be maintained
Function of innner membrane being folded in cristae
Increases the surface area for the attachment of enzymes
Roles of cytoskeleton
Allow organelle movement Give support and mechanical strength Keep the cell’s shape stable
Organelles in animal cells
Vesicles Lysosomes Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Rough ER Smooth ER Centriole Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome
Organelles in plant cells
Cell wall Cell membrane Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Amyloplast Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Lamella
DNA in eukaryotes
Linear
DNA in prokaryotes
Circular
DNA association in eukaryotes
Associated with proteins called histones
DNA organisation in prokaryotes
Proteins fold and condense DNA
Types of organelles in eukaryotes
Both membrane and non-membrane bound
Types of organelles in prokaryotes
Only non-membrane bound
Non-membrane bound organelles
Ribosomes Centrioles Cytoskeleton Cell wall
Cell walls in eukaryotes
Chitin in fungi Cellulose in plants Not present in animals
Cell wall in prokaryotes
Peptidoglycan (bacteria)
Ribosomes in eukaryotes
Larger (80 S)