Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /OCR Biology A - 2.1.1 - Cell Structure Part 3
Organelles
Components of a cell, each with a different function
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Organelles
Components of a cell, each with a different function
Membrane bound
Surrounded by a membrane
Structure of a nucleus
Double nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleoli Membrane of nuclear envelope continuous with rough ER membranes Nucleoplasm containing chromatins
Function of nucleus
Contains genetic material (chromosomes) | Controls cell activities
Function of double nuclear envelope
To enclose and protect DNA
Function of nuclear pores
Allow entry of substances such as nucleotides for DNA replication and exit of molecules such as mRNA during protein synthesis
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Organelles | Components of a cell, each with a different function |
Membrane bound | Surrounded by a membrane |
Structure of a nucleus | Double nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleoli Membrane of nuclear envelope continuous with rough ER membranes Nucleoplasm containing chromatins |
Function of nucleus | Contains genetic material (chromosomes) | Controls cell activities |
Function of double nuclear envelope | To enclose and protect DNA |
Function of nuclear pores | Allow entry of substances such as nucleotides for DNA replication and exit of molecules such as mRNA during protein synthesis |
Function of nucleoplasm containing chromatin | It is these, during cell division, condense to form chromosomes |
Function of the nucleoli | Assembles ribosomes, coenzymes, proteins and RNA |
Function of outer membrane of nuclear envelope being continuous with rough ER | Makes perinuclear space continuous with the lumen of the ER, thus allowing easy transport of substances |
Structure of mitochondrion | Double membrane Inner membrane spanned by porins Inner membrane folded to form cristae |
Function of double membrane in mitochondrion | Isolates reactions of the Kreb’s cycle. Compartmentalisation allows high conc. of enzymes and substrates to be maintained |
Function of innner membrane being folded in cristae | Increases the surface area for the attachment of enzymes |
Roles of cytoskeleton | Allow organelle movement Give support and mechanical strength Keep the cell’s shape stable |
Organelles in animal cells | Vesicles Lysosomes Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Rough ER Smooth ER Centriole Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome |
Organelles in plant cells | Cell wall Cell membrane Golgi apparatus Chloroplast Amyloplast Vacuole Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Lamella |
DNA in eukaryotes | Linear |
DNA in prokaryotes | Circular |
DNA association in eukaryotes | Associated with proteins called histones |
DNA organisation in prokaryotes | Proteins fold and condense DNA |
Types of organelles in eukaryotes | Both membrane and non-membrane bound |
Types of organelles in prokaryotes | Only non-membrane bound |
Non-membrane bound organelles | Ribosomes Centrioles Cytoskeleton Cell wall |
Cell walls in eukaryotes | Chitin in fungi Cellulose in plants Not present in animals |
Cell wall in prokaryotes | Peptidoglycan (bacteria) |
Ribosomes in eukaryotes | Larger (80 S) |