Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /OCR Biology A - 2.1.2 - Biological Molecules Part 1
Definition of carbohydrate
Group of substances used as both an energy source and structural material
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Definition of carbohydrate
Group of substances used as both an energy source and structural material
General formula of carbohydrates
Cx(H2)y
3 main groups of simple carbohydrates
Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide
Key facts about glucose
Abundant and very important Major energy source Highly soluble and main form of carbohydrates transported in animals
Why is glucose a hexose sugar
It has 6 carbon atoms
What does glucose exist as
Structural isomers
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Definition of carbohydrate | Group of substances used as both an energy source and structural material |
General formula of carbohydrates | Cx(H2)y |
3 main groups of simple carbohydrates | Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide |
Key facts about glucose | Abundant and very important Major energy source Highly soluble and main form of carbohydrates transported in animals |
Why is glucose a hexose sugar | It has 6 carbon atoms |
What does glucose exist as | Structural isomers |
Common isomers of glucose | Alpha glucose Beta glucose |
What is the difference between the isomers of glucose | The OH is below the first carbon in the structure of alpha glucose whereas it is above the first carbon in the structure of beta glucose Minor structural difference has a major effect on roles of alpha and beta glucose |
Key points about fructose | Fructose is very soluble and the main sugar in fruits It is much sweeter than glucose |
Key points about galactose | It is not as soluble as glucose and fructose It is important in making glycolipids and glycoproteins |
Important pentoses | Ribose Deoxyribose |
What is the difference in the structures of ribose and deoxyribose | Ribose has a H above the second carbon and an OH below Deoxyribose has only a H above and below the second carbon |
What does the prefix ‘glyco’ tell us | It has something to do with carbohydrates |
Condensation reaction | Attaching two monosaccharides by the formation of a glycosidic bond to produce a disaccharide and water |
Hydrolysis reaction | Breaking the glycosidic bond in a disaccharide with the addition of water |
Maltose | Glucose and Glucose |
How is maltose joined | By an alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond |
Sucrose | Fructose and Glucose |
How is sucrose joined | By an alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond |
Lactose | Galactose and Glucose |
How is lactose joined | By an beta 1-4 glycosidic bond |
Are monosaccharides reducing or not | Reducing |
Heterogeneous | Composed of different types |
Macromolecules | Molecules consisting of large numbers of atoms |
Metabolism | All the chemical reactions that occur in cells |