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OCR Biology A - 2.1.2 - Biological Molecules Part 2
This deck covers key concepts related to biological molecules, including monosaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. It explores the structure, function, and significance of these molecules in biological systems.
Monosaccharide
A sweet-tasting molecule consisting of a single unit
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Monosaccharide
A sweet-tasting molecule consisting of a single unit
Nucleic acid
A kind of acid abundant in the nuclei of cells, includes DNA and RNA
What makes up organic compounds
Carbon and hydrogen
What are the four categories of macromolecules
Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates
What is a monomer
Small building blocks that make up biological molecules
Why are lipids important
Make up all of the cell membranes Great source of energy They don’t have a single type of monomer
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Monosaccharide | A sweet-tasting molecule consisting of a single unit |
Nucleic acid | A kind of acid abundant in the nuclei of cells, includes DNA and RNA |
What makes up organic compounds | Carbon and hydrogen |
What are the four categories of macromolecules | Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates |
What is a monomer | Small building blocks that make up biological molecules |
Why are lipids important | Make up all of the cell membranes Great source of energy They don’t have a single type of monomer |
Are lipids polar or unpolar | Polar |
What are nucleic acid monomers | RNA | DNA |
What are nucleic acid monomers made of | Nucleotides |
What are the functions of nucleic acids | Carry genetic material |
What differentiates amino acids | Their ‘R’ group |
What are carbohydrate monomers | Sugars |
Dehydration synthesis | The process of putting monomers together where water is lost and peptide bonds are formed between amino acids |
Hydrolysis | Splitting apart polymers using water |
What are the three parts of a nucleotide | Phosphate 5-carbon sugar (pentose) Base |
Differences between DNA and RNA | They have different bases and DNA has a double helix |
4 nucleotides in DNA | Cytosine Guanine Adenine Thymine |
4 nucleotides in RNA | Cytosine Guanine Adenine Uracil |
What makes DNA anti parallel | The helixes run in different directions |
How many amino acids are there | 20 |
What determines the directionality of a protein | Carboxyl side | Amino side |
Different types of lipids | Cholesterol Free fatty acid Triglyceride Phospholid |
What is the similar structure between all the lipids | Hydrocarbon tails |
What is significant about hydrocarbons found in lipids | They’re non polar | A huge amount of energy can be released |
What is unique about phospholids | It has a non polar and polar portion | Can form bilayers or micelles |