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OCR Biology A - 2.1.2 - Biological Molecules Part 2

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to biological molecules, including monosaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. It explores the structure, function, and significance of these molecules in biological systems.

Monosaccharide

A sweet-tasting molecule consisting of a single unit
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Monosaccharide
A sweet-tasting molecule consisting of a single unit
Nucleic acid
A kind of acid abundant in the nuclei of cells, includes DNA and RNA
What makes up organic compounds
Carbon and hydrogen
What are the four categories of macromolecules
Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates
What is a monomer
Small building blocks that make up biological molecules
Why are lipids important
Make up all of the cell membranes Great source of energy They don’t have a single type of monomer

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TermDefinition
Monosaccharide
A sweet-tasting molecule consisting of a single unit
Nucleic acid
A kind of acid abundant in the nuclei of cells, includes DNA and RNA
What makes up organic compounds
Carbon and hydrogen
What are the four categories of macromolecules
Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids Carbohydrates
What is a monomer
Small building blocks that make up biological molecules
Why are lipids important
Make up all of the cell membranes Great source of energy They don’t have a single type of monomer
Are lipids polar or unpolar
Polar
What are nucleic acid monomers
RNA | DNA
What are nucleic acid monomers made of
Nucleotides
What are the functions of nucleic acids
Carry genetic material
What differentiates amino acids
Their ‘R’ group
What are carbohydrate monomers
Sugars
Dehydration synthesis
The process of putting monomers together where water is lost and peptide bonds are formed between amino acids
Hydrolysis
Splitting apart polymers using water
What are the three parts of a nucleotide
Phosphate 5-carbon sugar (pentose) Base
Differences between DNA and RNA
They have different bases and DNA has a double helix
4 nucleotides in DNA
Cytosine Guanine Adenine Thymine
4 nucleotides in RNA
Cytosine Guanine Adenine Uracil
What makes DNA anti parallel
The helixes run in different directions
How many amino acids are there
20
What determines the directionality of a protein
Carboxyl side | Amino side
Different types of lipids
Cholesterol Free fatty acid Triglyceride Phospholid
What is the similar structure between all the lipids
Hydrocarbon tails
What is significant about hydrocarbons found in lipids
They’re non polar | A huge amount of energy can be released
What is unique about phospholids
It has a non polar and polar portion | Can form bilayers or micelles