Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /OCR Biology A - 2.1.2 - Biological Molecules Part 3
OCR Biology A - 2.1.2 - Biological Molecules Part 3
This flashcard deck covers key concepts related to biological molecules, focusing on the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It includes definitions, structural details, and processes such as condensation and hydrolysis.
What does amphipathic mean
It has a charged polar portion
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What does amphipathic mean
It has a charged polar portion
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fats bend because they have a double bond
What determines the directionality in carbohydrates
Where the bond comes off
Amylose
Form of starch Found as granules in cells Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond only Compact helical structure Unbranched chains
Amylopectin
Form of starch Found as granules in cells Glucose molecules joined by alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds and alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds Branches and cannot fo...
What is the percentage composition of starch
Amylopectin - 70-80% | Amylose - 20-30%
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What does amphipathic mean | It has a charged polar portion |
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids | Unsaturated fats bend because they have a double bond |
What determines the directionality in carbohydrates | Where the bond comes off |
Amylose | Form of starch Found as granules in cells Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond only Compact helical structure Unbranched chains |
Amylopectin | Form of starch Found as granules in cells Glucose molecules joined by alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds and alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds Branches and cannot form a helix |
What is the percentage composition of starch | Amylopectin - 70-80% | Amylose - 20-30% |
How is starch stored in plants | In plastids |
Plastids | Intracellular starch grains in organelles | Made from green chloroplasts and colourless amyloplasts |
What does cellulose stop | Cells from bursting |
Structure of cellulose | Beta glucose joined by beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds H bonds between chains Can form micro and macofibrils |
Microfibrils | Glucose in a rope like form which are then layered in a network |
What is special about formation of cellulose | Every other glucose molecule rotates 180 so that the hydroxyl groups are adjacent |
What gives cellulose great tensile strength | Hydrogen bonds They are very weak on their own but strong in large numbers |
Glycogen compared to starch | Less dense More soluble Broken down more rapidly as ends are exposed Both insoluble |
Structure of glycogen | Similar structure to amylopectin but it’s more branched |
Why don’t animals store starch | They store glycogen instead |
What molecule is produced in the condensation of nucleotides | DNA |
What molecule is produced in the hydrolysis of DNA | Nucleotides |
What molecule is produced in the condensation of amino acids | Protein |
What molecule is produced in the condensation of fructose and glucose | Sucrose |
What molecule is produced in the condensation of glycerol and fatty acid | Lipids |
What molecule is produced in the hydrolysis of protein | Amino acids |
What molecules are produced in the hydrolysis of sucrose | Fructose and glucose |
What molecules are produced in the hydrolysis of lipids | Glycerol and fatty acids |
What are the chemical elements that make up carbohydrates | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen |