Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /OCR Biology A - 3.1.1 - Exchange and Transport Part 2
Distribution and function of smooth muscle
In walls of airways Contracts to constrict or narrow the airways
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Distribution and function of smooth muscle
In walls of airways Contracts to constrict or narrow the airways
Loose tissue
Contains elastic fibres, glands and blood vessels
Peak flow meter
Simple device that measures how much air can move out of (and therefore into) the lungs
Spirometer
Device that measures the movement of air in and out of the lungs as the person breathes Also measures oxygen consumption as the chamber of soda lime a...
Vital capacity
Maximum volume of air that can be moved by the lungs in one breath Measured by taking a deep breath and expiring all the air possible from the lungs U...
What does vital capacity depend on
The size of the person (particularly their height) Their age and gender Their level of regular exercise
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Distribution and function of smooth muscle | In walls of airways Contracts to constrict or narrow the airways |
Loose tissue | Contains elastic fibres, glands and blood vessels |
Peak flow meter | Simple device that measures how much air can move out of (and therefore into) the lungs |
Spirometer | Device that measures the movement of air in and out of the lungs as the person breathes Also measures oxygen consumption as the chamber of soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide |
Vital capacity | Maximum volume of air that can be moved by the lungs in one breath Measured by taking a deep breath and expiring all the air possible from the lungs Usually in the region or 2.5-5.0 dm^3 |
What does vital capacity depend on | The size of the person (particularly their height) Their age and gender Their level of regular exercise |
Tidal volume | Volume of air moved in and out with each breath Usually measured at rest (0.5 dm^3) - sufficient to supply all the oxygen Increases when exercising |
Residual volume | Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after forced expiration Air remains in airways and alveoli Approx. 1.5 dm^3 |
Total lung capacity | Sum of vital capacity and residual volume |
Precautions to take when using a spirometer | Subject should be healthy and free from asthma Wear a nose clip Sterilise mouthpiece No air leaks in apparatus - invalid/ inaccurate results Don’t overfill water chamber - water may enter air tubes |
How do we know the volume of oxygen absorbed by the blood | We can assume that the volume of carbon dioxide released and absorbed by the soda lime is equal to the volume of O2 |
How is breathing rate calculated | Counting the number of peaks in one minute |
Calculating oxygen uptake | Divide the difference between the first peak and last peak by the time (s) |
What will increases oxygen uptake result from | Exercise (more O2 and less CO2) | Deeper breaths |
Why do insects require a gas exchange system | Very active in life cycle | Tough exoskeleton through which little/ no gas exchange takes place |
Spiracles | Air opening in each segment of the insect | Allows air to enter inside the insect |
Why do insects frequently close their spiracles | To minimise water loss |
Insect tracheae | Leads away from the spiracles Run both along and into the body of the insect Carry air into the body |
What are insect tracheae lined with | Spirals of chitin which keeps them open if they are bent or pressed |
Why does little gas exchange take place in insect tracheae | Chitin is mostly impermeable to gases |