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OCR Biology A - 4.1.1 - Communicable Disease, Disease Prevention and the Immune System Part 1

Biology25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to communicable diseases, their transmission, and the immune system as outlined in the OCR Biology A curriculum.

Pathogen

Microorganism that causes disease Lives in hosts
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes disease Lives in hosts
Communicable diseases
Any disease transmitted from one person or animal; contagious
4 groups of microorganisms
Bacteria Fungi Viruses Protoctista
Diseases caused by bacteria
Tuberculosis Bacterial meningitis Ring rot in plants
Diseases caused by viruses
HIV/ AIDS Influenza Tobacco mosaic virus
Diseases caused by fungi
Black sigatoka Ringworm Athletes foot

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TermDefinition
Pathogen
Microorganism that causes disease Lives in hosts
Communicable diseases
Any disease transmitted from one person or animal; contagious
4 groups of microorganisms
Bacteria Fungi Viruses Protoctista
Diseases caused by bacteria
Tuberculosis Bacterial meningitis Ring rot in plants
Diseases caused by viruses
HIV/ AIDS Influenza Tobacco mosaic virus
Diseases caused by fungi
Black sigatoka Ringworm Athletes foot
Diseases caused by protoctista
Malaria Potato/ tomato blight
Prokaryotic pathogens
Bacteria
Eukaryotic pathogens
Fungi
How do bacteria damage hosts
Multiply rapidly Damage cells by releasing waste products and/or toxins
How do fungi damage hosts
Hyphae release extracellular enzymes e.g. celluloses to digest plant tissue Causes decay and leaf death —> no photosynthesis May produce toxins
Are viruses eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Neither; they’re dead
How do viruses damage hosts
Invade living cells where genetic material in virus takes over the biochemistry of the host cells Makes more copies Host cell bursts, releasing viruses
Bacteriophages
Viruses that can attack bacteria
How do protoctista damage hosts
Enter host cells and feed on contents before breaking over cells
How may protoctista enter through the body directly
Polluted water
Transmission
Passing a pathogen from an infected individual to an uninflected individual
Direct transmission
Passing a pathogen from host to new host, with no intermediary
Types of direct transmission
Physical contact Faecal - oral transmission Droplet infection Transmission by spores
Physical contact
Touching an infected person Touching contaminated surfaces Exchanging bodily fluids
Faecal - oral transmission
Eating food or drinking water contaminated by pathogen
Droplet infection
Pathogens are carried in tiny water droplets in the air
Transmission by spores
Spores are the resistant stage of some pathogens Can be carried in the air or reside on surfaces or in the soil
Indirect transmission
Pathogens are transmitted indirectly via a vector
Vector
Another organism that may be used by the pathogen to gain entry to the primary host