Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /OCR Biology A - 4.2.1 - Biodiversity Part 2
Aesthetic reasons for maintaining biodiversity
Maintaining the landscape Being around nature relives stress and helps recovery from injury A healthy, well-balanced ecosystem is complex and beautiful
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Aesthetic reasons for maintaining biodiversity
Maintaining the landscape Being around nature relives stress and helps recovery from injury A healthy, well-balanced ecosystem is complex and beautifu...
Types of conservation
In situ | Ex situ
In situ conservation
Conserving a species in its natural habitat by creating marine conservation zones and wildlife reserves
Advantages of in situ conservation
Tourism generates money Generates jobs for locals Both habitats and species are conserved Organisms will behave normally
Disadvantages of in situ conservation
Can be difficult to monitor organisms and ensure they're healthy Poachers/hunters The environmental factors that caused the decline may still be prese...
Ex situ conservation
Conserving a species using controlled habitats away from its normal environment e.g. seed banks, botanic gardens and zoos
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Aesthetic reasons for maintaining biodiversity | Maintaining the landscape Being around nature relives stress and helps recovery from injury A healthy, well-balanced ecosystem is complex and beautiful |
Types of conservation | In situ | Ex situ |
In situ conservation | Conserving a species in its natural habitat by creating marine conservation zones and wildlife reserves |
Advantages of in situ conservation | Tourism generates money Generates jobs for locals Both habitats and species are conserved Organisms will behave normally |
Disadvantages of in situ conservation | Can be difficult to monitor organisms and ensure they're healthy Poachers/hunters The environmental factors that caused the decline may still be present Difficult to treat diseases |
Ex situ conservation | Conserving a species using controlled habitats away from its normal environment e.g. seed banks, botanic gardens and zoos |
Advantages of ex situ conservation | Easy research Diseases can be controlled Controlled breeding Once populations have been increased, some can be reintroduced to the wild Seed banks can store seeds of millions of rare/extinct plants using a smaller area |
Disadvantages of ex situ conservation | Organisms living in unnatural habitat (effects on behaviour) May not breed Little point in conserving individuals if their natural habitat is lost and there nowhere to return to |
Conservation agreements | CITES CBD CSS |
Keystone species | Is one that has a disproportionate effect on the ecosystem - loss of these species affects many others |
CITES | Conservation on International Trade in Endangered Species International countries voluntarily agree to ensure their trade of wild animals and plants doesn't affect their survival Prohibit commercial trade on wild plants |
CBD | Rio Convention on Biological Diversity Promotes development of sustainable resources of food, water and medicine Promotes ex situ conservation measures with shared resources |
CSS | Countryside Stewardship Scheme | Aims to enhance natural beauty of UK country side and improve public access |
How does human population growth lead to a decline in biodiversity | Deforestation to build houses, habitats destroyed (lower habitat diversity) |
How does agriculture lead to decline in biodiversity | Monoculture; only growing one type of crop | Excessive use of pesticides - lower genetic diversity |
How does the excessive use of farmland cause a reduction in biodiversity | Only promotes growth of one species | Others are outcompeted and die out |
Why will a reduction in biodiversity present problems for agriculture | Loss of genetic diversity Lost genes may have been useful e.g. gene for drought resistance Fewer pollinators |
Advantages of seed banks | Not susceptible to diseases Remain viable for longer Requires less space so more can be kept |
Why are seeds in seed banks collected from several sites | Maintain gene pool Reduce chance of inbrrrding In case there are environmental factors affecting one of the sites |
Why is it bad for endangered species to be isolated | Small gene pool More vulnerable to predators and poachers Natural disaster could wipe out part of population |
How can zoos help endangered animals if captive breeding doesn’t work | Raise awareness | Promote conservation projects |
Niche | Organisms role in the habitat its living in |
How will having smaller fields increase biodiversity | More hedges in between the fields, species can live there |
Why might deforestation increase biodiversity in the short term | Many species are forced to live in a small area | After a while however, the woodland will reach its carrying capacity and organisms either migrate or die |
Requirements to use Spearmans rank | Paired data More than 5 data points Independent of each other Ordinal/interval data |
Advantages of standard deviation vs range | Less affected by outlier | Takes into account every value |