5 kingdoms
Animalia
Plant
Fungi
Protoctist
Prokaryotae
Key Terms
5 kingdoms
Animalia
Plant
Fungi
Protoctist
Prokaryotae
Animal kingdom
Eukaryotic, multicellular
Heterotrophs
Fertilised eggs develop into a blastula
Fungi kingdom
Eukaryotic, uni/multicellular
Multinucleate
No chloroplasts/chlorophyll
Strands of hyphae make up mycelium
Often saprophyti...
Protoctist kingdom
Eukaryotic, mostly single celled
Plant like and animal like, rejects of all other kingdoms
Variety of feeding mechanisms
How do prokaryotes respire
Using mesosomes
Heterotrophs
Nutrition is gained from the digestion of organic matter
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
5 kingdoms | Animalia Plant Fungi Protoctist Prokaryotae |
Animal kingdom | Eukaryotic, multicellular Heterotrophs Fertilised eggs develop into a blastula |
Fungi kingdom | Eukaryotic, uni/multicellular Multinucleate No chloroplasts/chlorophyll Strands of hyphae make up mycelium Often saprophytic |
Protoctist kingdom | Eukaryotic, mostly single celled Plant like and animal like, rejects of all other kingdoms Variety of feeding mechanisms |
How do prokaryotes respire | Using mesosomes |
Heterotrophs | Nutrition is gained from the digestion of organic matter |
Saprophytic | Feed on dead/ decaying matter |
Classification | Grouping organisms on the basis of shared features Modern classification reflects phylogeny |
Taxonomy | Focuses physical similarities between diff. spp for ease of naming and identification |
Phylogeny | Classification of organisms by evolutionary relationships so every group shares a common ancestor |
Linnaean taxonomy | Carl Linnaeus formed a system that is the basis of our naming system |
Taxons | Domain - Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primates Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo Species - Homosapiens |
Carl Woese | Split Monera (prokaryotes) into Eubacteria, Archaebacteria Refined system to create 3 domains; Eukarya, Eubacteria and Archaebacteria |
What do taxonomists do | Try to identify evolutionary relationships among organisms Compare structures of organisms Compare organisms geographic distribution and chemical makeup |
Rule of parsimony | This assumes that the tree with the least number of evolutionary events is most likely to show the correct evolutionary relationship |
Shared characteristics vs. shared derived characteristics | Shared characteristics look at convergent evolution but shared derived characteristics focus on features that are a result of shared ancestors (homologies) |
Discontinuous variation is shown by | Qualitative traits determined by a single gene |
Continuous variation is determined by | Large number of genes and have quantitative traits e.g. mass and length |
Sources of genetic variation | Dominant alleles Recessive alleles Mutations Crossing over Independent assortment Gene interactions |
Adaptive features | Inheritable traits that suit an organism to its niche |
Acclimitisation | The ability to adapt during its lifecycle |
Types of adaptations | Structural Physiological Behavioural |
Darwin’s theory | Parents produce too many offspring Competition causes better adapted offspring to survive They will then reproduce and pass on those attractive features |
Evidence for evolution | Fossil evidence Molecular evidence |
Forms of fossils | Imprints of ancient organisms | Remains |
Fossil evidence | Scientists study fossils in minute detail in order to establish anatomical and morphological similarities which can then be used to reveal evolutionary relationships |