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OCR Biology A - 5.1.2 - Excretion Part 1

Biology20 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts of excretion in biology, focusing on the processes and organs involved in removing metabolic waste from the body.

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Respiratory acidosis

Effect of lowered blood pH (excess CO2)
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Respiratory acidosis
Effect of lowered blood pH (excess CO2)
Why must nitrogenous compounds be removed from the body
This is because the body cannot store amino acids, but it would be toxic to excrete them
Deamination
Process by which potentially toxic NH2 group is removed from amino acids to produce keto acids and ammonia. The ammonia is then converted into urea (l...
Where is CO2 from respiring tissues excreted
Lungs
Where is water from respiration excreted
Lungs Bladder Skin
Where is urea from the kidney excreted
Bladder/ kidney
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OCR Biology A - 5.1.2 - Excretion Part 1
TermDefinition
Respiratory acidosis
Effect of lowered blood pH (excess CO2)
Why must nitrogenous compounds be removed from the body
This is because the body cannot store amino acids, but it would be toxic to excrete them
Deamination
Process by which potentially toxic NH2 group is removed from amino acids to produce keto acids and ammonia. The ammonia is then converted into urea (less toxic)
Where is CO2 from respiring tissues excreted
Lungs
Where is water from respiration excreted
Lungs Bladder Skin
Where is urea from the kidney excreted
Bladder/ kidney
Where are poisons excreted
Liver Bladder
Where are drugs excreted
Liver Bladder
Where are bile pigments from liver reactions excreted
Rectum (bilirubin in faeces)
Excretion
Removing metabolic waste from the body
Hepatic Portal Vein
Carries blood loaded with the products of digestion straight from the intestine to the liver (75% of the blood)
Hepatic Artery
Supplies liver w/ oxygenated blood (25% of the blood)
Hepatic Vein
Connects to inferior vena cava and carries deoxygenated blood back to heart
Sinusoids
Run from central vein to portal triads. Mixing increases O2 content of the blood from hepatic portal vein
Kuppfer cells
Hepatic macrophages that move within sinusoids Ingest foreign particles Recycle old RBC’s
What do hepatocytes do
Relatively unspecialised to carry out many functions Synthesise proteins (enzymes and hormones) Transform and store carbs (glycogen) Synthesise cholesterol and bile salts Form bile and secrete into bile canaliculi Absorb substances from blood and also secrete products
Shape of hepatocytes
Cuboidal w/ many microvilli (increases SA for contact w/ sinusoids)
Organelles in hepatocytes
Rough ER Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria Vesicles
Role of the liver in excretion
Break down excess amino acids and haemoglobin Detoxifies alcohol Produces urea
Basic functional unit of liver
Lobule