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OCR Biology A - 5.1.4 - Hormonal Communication Part 3

Biology15 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts related to hormonal communication, focusing on diabetes, insulin, and related physiological processes.

How does the metabolism of a Type 1 diabetic adapt?

More glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis occurs | Body produces ketones and fatty acids for respiration, increases acidity of blood
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
How does the metabolism of a Type 1 diabetic adapt?
More glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis occurs | Body produces ketones and fatty acids for respiration, increases acidity of blood
Treatment for diabetes?
Insulin injection; Insulin pump; Islets of Langerhans transplant (donors must match ); Exercise --> decreases insulin resistance; Drugs when diet ther...
Why are the islets of Langerhans surrounded in an extensive network of blood vessels?
Shorter diffusion distance for glucose in the blood
Where is glycogen stored?
In muscle and liver tissue
What is gluconeogenesis a result of?
Fasting; Starvation; Stress
Which hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis?
Adrenaline and glucocortoids

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TermDefinition
How does the metabolism of a Type 1 diabetic adapt?
More glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis occurs | Body produces ketones and fatty acids for respiration, increases acidity of blood
Treatment for diabetes?
Insulin injection; Insulin pump; Islets of Langerhans transplant (donors must match ); Exercise --> decreases insulin resistance; Drugs when diet therapy fails
Why are the islets of Langerhans surrounded in an extensive network of blood vessels?
Shorter diffusion distance for glucose in the blood
Where is glycogen stored?
In muscle and liver tissue
What is gluconeogenesis a result of?
Fasting; Starvation; Stress
Which hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis?
Adrenaline and glucocortoids
Advantages of using insulin from genetically modified bacteria?
Exact copy of human insulin, faster and more effective; Less chance of developing tolerance to insulin; Lower chance of rejection; Lower risk of infection; More ethical
Why can't insulin be taken orally?
Insulin is a protein and if taken orally cannot be reabsorbed into the bloodstream during ultrafiltration at glomerulus
Why is there a delay in the increase of insulin conc following increases in blood glucose conc?
Increase has to be detected by beta cells | Takes time depolarise beta cells and release insulin
How does increased heart rate raise blood pH?
Removes more CO2 and in turn makes the blood less acidic | Prevents cell damage
Where do hormones travel in the blood?
Blood plasma
Tissue that secretes glycogen and insulin?
Pancreatic
In which tissues are glucose removed from in response to insulin?
Liver | Muscle
Acini?
Groups of cells arranged around a tiny ductule
Function of aldosterone?
Na+ reabsorption in the kidney; Water reabsorption; Control blood pressure