Criminology: Theories, Patterns and Typologies 13th Edition Test Bank

Name: Criminology: Theories, Patterns and Typologies 13th Edition Test Bank
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1. _________ are required to employ valid and reliable experimental designs and sophisticated data analysis
techniques.
ANSWER: Criminologists
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
2. Criminologists use ________ methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.
a. economic b. scientific
c. sociological d. psychological
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
3. The study of agencies of social control such as the police, courts, and corrections is:
a. criminal justice. b. criminology.
c. sociology. d. law inquiry.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
4. Define and explain the difference between criminology and criminal justice.
ANSWER: Criminology is the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. It explains
the etiology, extent and nature of crime in society. Criminal justice refers to the
study of the agencies of social control—police, courts, and corrections.
Criminology is more focused on identifying the suspected cause of crime, while
criminal justice scholars focus on identifying the effective methods of crime
control.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
5. Discuss the most important areas of interest to criminologists according to Sutherland and Cressey.
ANSWER: Crime is a social phenomenon. The processes of making laws. Breaking laws and
reacting toward the breaking of laws. Development of a body of general and
verified principles.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
6. Criminology is also related to the study of __________________ behaviors or those actions that depart from
social norms, values, beliefs, and customs.
ANSWER: deviant
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.02 - Identify the difference between crime and deviance.
KEYWORDS: | Bloom's: Remember
7. Deviant behavior:
a. violates the legal code. b. can be considered a felony.
c. is mala in se. d. All of the above characterize deviant behavior.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.02 - Identify the difference between crime and deviance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
8. The quality of being fair under the law is referred to as:
a. the casebook method. b. legality.
c. justice. d. criminology.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.02 – Identify the difference between crime and deviance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
9. Deviant behaviors are those actions that depart from social norms, values, and beliefs.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.02 - Identify the difference between crime and deviance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
10. Criminology is related to the study of deviance. Explain how criminology, deviant behaviors, and crime
overlap.
ANSWER: Deviant behaviors depart from the social norm; however, these behaviors are not
necessarily illegal. In addition, not all crimes are considered deviant behaviors,
although they often overlap. Criminologists are concerned with the concept of
deviance and its relationship to criminality. Sociologists who study deviant

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behaviors often want to understand or identify the line that separates criminal from
unusual behaviors.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.02 - Identify the difference between crime and deviance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
11. Criminologists have been trained in diverse fields—sociology, criminal justice, political science,
psychology, public policy, economics, and even the natural sciences--because criminology is a(n)
__________________ science.
ANSWER: multidisciplinary
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
12. A major difference between criminology and criminal justice is that criminal justice refers to the study of
agencies, while criminology refers to the ______________ of crime.
ANSWER: etiology
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
13. Crime is a _____ phenomenon, according to Sutherland and Cressey’s definition.
a. psychological b. biological
c. social d. developmental
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
14. Criminal justice explains the etiology, extent, and nature of crime in society.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.01 - Explain what is meant by the term criminology.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
15. All crimes are deviant behaviors.
a. True

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b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Is Criminology?
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.02 - Identify the difference between crime and deviance.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
16. Hans von Hentig and Stephen Schafer believed that the role of the _________ had to be considered before a
full understanding of crime could be developed.
ANSWER: victim
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
17. Criminology in action refers to the efforts of criminologists to use their insight, training, and experience to
understand human behavior and predict its occurrence.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
18. _______________ are based on verified social facts and readily observed phenomena that can be
consistently quantified and measured.
ANSWER: Theories
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
19. The Supreme Court routinely uses and cites research findings by legal scholars and criminologists before it
renders an opinion; for example, in showing that there is a greater likelihood of an initial wrongful conviction in
a death penalty case.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
20. The media often downplay crime and manipulate crime statistics to help society feel less fearful.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
21. The development of valid methods to measure crime and the accuracy of crime data are crucial aspects of
criminology in action.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
22. Criminological theories use a method referred to as the symposium method for testing theories.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 -

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24. Research reveals that there is a “terrorist” personality and psychological profile.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
25. Most terrorists are psychopaths.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
26. Crime typologies refer to the study of criminal behavior involving research on the links between different
types of crime and criminals.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
27. Heath Miller and Gregory Polanco were the first to suggest that victim

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how much crime occurs. Discuss how criminologists incorporate the perpetrator, victim, time, and place into
their studies.
ANSWER: Criminologists must:
(1) Formulate techniques for collecting data.
(2) Develop survey instruments to measure criminal activity not reported by police
or victims.
(3) Identify the victims of crime, and create surveys designed to allow them to
report loss and injury that may have gone unreported.
(4) Develop data that can be used to test crime theory.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand
29. Identify and discuss how criminologists approach the role of the victim in

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REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
32. Discuss changes in the American homicide rate, as elaborated by Randolph Roth.
ANSWER: American homicide rates are not related to social factors such as poverty and drug
abuse, unemployment, alcohol, race, or ethnicity. Homicide rates are related to
feelings people have toward the government, identification with community, and
opportunities to earn respect without resorting to violence.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: What Criminologists Do: Criminology in Action
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
33. Criminologists try to create valid and ___________ measurements of criminal behavior by accessing
records, research, and statistical data to understand patterns and trends.
a. innovative b. mathematical
c. reliable d. experimental
ANSWER: c

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.03 - Recognize the concept of “criminology in action” and
articulate what criminologists do.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
36. The _________ view of crime states that crimes are behaviors believed to be repugnant to all elements of
society.
ANSWER: consensus
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
37. Behaviors such as drug use and prostitution are problematic because the harm they inflict is only on those
who are willing participants, yet punishment is justified because these acts undermine the ________________
and threaten the general well-being of society.
ANSWER: social fabric
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
38. The consensus view of

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POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
41. _______ is a view that behaviors harmful to other people and society in general must be controlled.
ANSWER: Social harm
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
42. The interactionist view of crime traces its antecedents to the symbolic interaction school of sociology, first
popularized by pioneering sociologists Charles Cooley, W. I. Thomas, and _________________.
ANSWER: George Mead
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
43. According to the interactionist view of crime, individuals or groups who wage

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a. individualist view b. conflict view
c. interactionist view d. consensus view
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
46. According to the ____ view, examples of a “real” crime would be violations of human dignity and police
brutality.
a. individualist b. conflict
c. interactionist d. consensus
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the

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c. interactionist d. common
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
50. ______ argued that the deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied, meaning that those
who hold power will reflect the opinions and perceptions of others.
a. Keith Bell b. Albert Cohen
c. Michael Heise d. Howard Becker
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
51. According to conflict view, _____ would be an example of a “real” crime.
a. environmental pollution b. rape
c. armed robbery d. murder
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
52. The critical view of crime links illegal

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REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
54. The consensus view of crime is the belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common ideas and
work toward a common good.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
55. Moral entrepreneurs are interest groups that attempt to control social life and the legal order in such a way
as to promote their own moral views.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: How Criminologists View Crime
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.04 - Discuss the three prominent views of the meaning of
“crime”
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
56. Crime, according to the interactionist view, states that the political power and position of the upper class is
used at the expense of the poor.
a. True
b.

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KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
62. Under the Code of Hammurabi, the severity of punishment depended on ________.
ANSWER: class standing
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Crime and the Law
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.05 - Outline the development of criminal law.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember
63. The first known written law of the ancient world was called the:
a. Code of Babylon. b. Ten Commandments.
c. Code of Justinian. d. Code of Hammurabi.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Crime and the Law
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CTPT.SIEG.18.01.05 - Outline the development of criminal law.
KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember

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