Discovering Psychology Sixth Edition Test Bank

Name: Discovering Psychology Sixth Edition Test Bank
Brand: Academic Documents Platform
Price: 25 USD
Availability: InStock
Author: Joseph Wilson

Get exam-ready with Discovering Psychology Sixth Edition Test Bank, a well-structured guide featuring topic-wise explanations and practice exercises.

Joseph Wilson

Contributor

4.4

4 months ago

Preview (16 of 1802)

Page 1
1. Professor Lewis studies the history of psychology. She would most likely agree with
which of the following statements about psychology's early history?
A) From its inception, psychology has always focused on the study of people who
exhibit unusual behaviors or suffer from psychological disorders.
B) Early psychologists disagreed about many issues including which methods
psychologists should use and what kinds of behavior psychologists should study.
C) All the early schools of psychology shared the common view that psychology
should be the study of immediate conscious experience.
D) The methods, definition, and scope of psychology have remained unchanged since
psychology was founded in the nineteenth century.
2. Psychology is formally defined as the scientific:
A) study of mental processes in human and nonhuman animals.
B) study of the cause and treatment of mental illness.
C) study of behavior and mental processes.
D) investigation of unconscious mental processes.
3. Which famous Greek philosopher wrote extensively about psychological topics such as
sleep and dreaming, the senses, memory, and learning?
A) Aristotle
B) Descartes
C) Calkins
D) James
4. In thinking about psychology and consciousness, the idea that the mind and the body are
separate entities that interact makes a lot of sense to you. This view is most like the view
of:
A) Aristotle.
B) Descartes.
C) Watson.
D) Skinner.
5. French philosopher René Descartes:
A) strongly opposed the idea of establishing psychology as a separate science.
B) promoted a doctrine called interactive dualism.
C) was the first of Wundt's students to receive a doctorate in psychology.
D) was a philosopher who wrote extensively about topics such as sleep, dreams, the
senses, and memory more than 2,000 years ago.

Page 2
6. Interactive dualism is the idea that:
A) all living organisms must interact and perform dual functions to survive.
B) most severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, involve a splitting of the
mind.
C) mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce conscious experiences.
D) people with very diverse qualities and beliefs are most likely to be attracted to each
other.
7. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) The Greek philosopher Aristotle first defined psychology as the “scientific study of
behavior and mental processes.”
B) In contemporary psychology, the nature–nurture issue explores the influence of
heredity versus the influence of environmental factors on behavior.
C) The mind-body issue has now been settled and psychologists no longer explore the
relationship between mental activity and the brain.
D) The principle of interactive dualism was formulated by Aristotle more than 2,000
years ago.
8. For centuries, philosophers debated which was more important: the inborn _____ of the
individual or the environmental influences that _____ the individual.
A) nature; nurture
B) nurture; naturalize
C) dualism; condition
D) monism; condition
9. Which of the following fields had the greatest impact on the emergence of psychology
as a separate scientific discipline?
A) history
B) mathematics
C) physics
D) physiology
10. _____ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms,
including humans.
A) Neuroscience
B) Interactive dualism
C) Comparative psychology
D) Physiology

Page 3
11. Physiology is:
A) a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms,
including humans.
B) the scientific discipline founded by Wilhelm Wundt.
C) a branch of philosophy that studies interactive dualism.
D) sometimes referred to as the “third force” in American psychology.
12. How did physiology contribute to the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific
discipline?
A) In defining the boundaries of their science, physiologists rejected the study of
mental processes and behavior.
B) Physiologists in the late nineteenth century proposed that psychology should be a
separate subdiscipline of philosophy.
C) Physiologists demonstrated that scientific methods could be applied to
understanding human behavior and mental processes.
D) Physiologists in the late nineteenth century were unable to apply scientific methods
to the study of human behavior and thinking, and consequently psychology was no
longer part of that discipline.
13. Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the following phenomena?
A) the nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism
B) fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to
visual and auditory stimuli
C) mental disorders and abnormal behavior
D) damaged areas of the human brain
14. Wilhelm Wundt:
A) was a German physiologist who established the first psychology research
laboratory at the University of Leipzig.
B) was a French philosopher who proposed the idea of interactive dualism.
C) is credited with the discovery of unconscious mental processes.
D) was an Austrian physician who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology.
15. Wilhelm Wundt outlined the connections between physiology and psychology in:
A) his famous textbook titled Principles of Physiological Psychology, published in
1874.
B) a series of famous lectures at Clark University in 1909.
C) a public debate with William James at Harvard University.
D) his famous book Principles of Psychology, published in two volumes in 1890.

Page 4
16. Which of the following events do most historians consider to mark the formal beginning
of psychology as a scientific discipline?
A) Aristotle's landmark essay in 335 B.C., entitled “De Anima”
B) the 1924 publication of John Watson's book, entitled Behaviorism
C) the establishment of the first psychology research laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in
1879
D) Sigmund Freud's discovery of the unconscious mind in the early twentieth century
17. Wilhelm Wundt defined psychology as:
A) a new branch of physiology.
B) the study of the behavior of humans and other animals.
C) a branch of philosophy, not of science.
D) the study of consciousness with an emphasis on the use of experimental methods to
study and measure consciousness.
18. _____ opened the first psychology laboratory in _____.
A) Sigmund Freud; 1904
B) William James; 1890
C) Edward B. Titchener; 1892
D) Wilhelm Wundt; 1879
19. At which university was the very first psychology research laboratory established?
A) Johns Hopkins University
B) Harvard University
C) University of Leipzig
D) Cornell University
20. Which of the following was the first “school” of thought or approach in psychology?
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) behaviorism
D) psychoanalysis
21. Which early approach or “school” of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundt's
student Edward Titchener?
A) behaviorism
B) humanistic psychology
C) functionalism
D) structuralism

Page 5
22. More so than any other male psychologist at that time, _____ helped female students
attain their psychology doctorate in his graduate program at Cornell University.
A) G. Stanley Hall
B) Francis C. Sumner
C) William James
D) Edward Titchener
23. The early psychological school called structuralism emphasized the study of:
A) habits and adaptive behavior.
B) physiology.
C) the relative importance of nature versus nurture.
D) the elemental components of sensations, feelings, and conscious experience.
24. “What are the most basic units or structures of consciousness?” This is a question that
would most likely be of interest to a follower of:
A) humanism.
B) behaviorism.
C) functionalism.
D) structuralism.
25. You are a subject in an experiment and you are told: “Look at this apple very carefully
and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them.” The
experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?
A) psychoanalysis
B) functionalism
C) structuralism
D) behaviorism
26. As a subject in an experiment, you are told to look at a coffee mug carefully and then
report all your sensations and feelings about the coffee mug after viewing it. What
psychological technique have you been told to use?
A) psychoanalysis
B) introspection
C) interactive dualism
D) natural selection

Loading page 6...

Page 6
27. Structuralism:
A) promoted the use of nonhuman animals to study brain functions.
B) ended when Descartes demonstrated that the brain consisted of more than one
structure.
C) was based on the idea that even our most complex conscious experiences could be
broken down into basic mental “structures” of sensations and feelings.
D) contended that basic human thoughts are contained in common genetic structures
that are passed from generation to generation.
28. Which early school of psychology relied on a method called introspection?
A) functionalism
B) humanistic psychology
C) behaviorism
D) structuralism
29. Which of the early schools of psychology was the first to disappear?
A) psychoanalysis
B) functionalism
C) behaviorism
D) structuralism
30. What was NOT a criticism of introspection as a technique?
A) It was an unreliable method since different participants often provided different
reports about the same stimulus.
B) Introspection revealed unconscious conflicts rather than conscious experiences.
C) Introspection could not be used to study children or animals.
D) A number of topics, including learning, development, and mental disorders, could
not be studied using this technique.
31. _____ is to structuralism as _____ is to functionalism.
A) Wilhelm Wundt; Edward Titchener
B) William James; Mary Whiton Calkins
C) Edward Titchener; William James
D) Mary Whiton Calkins; Wilhelm Wundt

Loading page 7...

Page 7
32. One important limitation of introspection as a research method was that introspection:
A) could not be used to study behavior in children or animals.
B) could be used only to study the behavior of people in groups.
C) emphasized unconscious mental processes rather than conscious mental processes.
D) was appropriate only as a method to study complex topics, such as learning,
development, and personality.
33. Scientists in the nineteenth century who believed that species had not been created once
and for all but had changed over time were called:
A) introspectionists.
B) structuralists.
C) evolutionists.
D) behaviorists.
34. _____ wrote On the Origin of Species, which was published in _____.
A) Charles Darwin; 1859
B) Margaret Floy Washburn; 1908
C) William James; 1890
D) Sigmund Freud; 1909
35. Which of the following people played a key role in establishing psychology as a
scientific discipline in the United States?
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Abraham Maslow
36. It took more than ten years to write and was 1,400 pages long when it was published.
Who wrote the landmark textbook Principles of Psychology?
A) John B. Watson
B) Margaret Floy Washburn
C) B. F. Skinner
D) William James

Loading page 8...

Page 8
37. “I believe that consciousness should be studied to help us understand the adaptive and
practical functions of human behavior.” Such a statement is most likely to have been
made by:
A) William James.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) B. F. Skinner.
D) John B. Watson.
38. Which early school of psychology examined how psychology could be applied to
education, child rearing, and the work environment?
A) structuralism
B) behaviorism
C) psychoanalysis
D) functionalism
39. Which school of psychology would agree that “psychology should stress the study of
how behavior and mental processes allow people and animals to adapt to their
environments”?
A) structuralism
B) behaviorism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis
40. Both structuralists and functionalists agreed that:
A) psychology should focus not on the study of conscious experience, but rather on
the investigation of observable behaviors.
B) psychologists should directly observe the behaviors of animals in natural settings.
C) psychology should study conscious experience.
D) psychological findings should be applied to areas like education, mental illness,
health, and child rearing.
41. Who made this statement: “Now the immediate fact which psychology, the science of
mind, has to study is also the most general fact. It is the fact that in each of us, when
awake (and often when asleep), some kind of consciousness is always going on.”
A) John B. Watson
B) William James
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Mary Whiton Calkins

Loading page 9...

Page 9
42. Who was the first person to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States?
A) B. F. Skinner
B) John B. Watson
C) Francis C. Sumner
D) G. Stanley Hall
43. Which of the following psychologists founded the American Psychological Association
and established the first journal devoted to psychology in the United States?
A) William James
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) John B. Watson
D) Mary Whiton Calkins
44. Which of the following statements about Mary Whiton Calkins is FALSE?
A) Calkins was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.
B) Calkins conducted research on dreams, memory, and personality.
C) Calkins established one of the first psychology laboratories in the United States.
D) Calkins founded behaviorism as one of the early schools of psychology.
45. Which one of the following statements about Mary Whiton Calkins is TRUE?
A) She was the first woman to study with Wilhelm Wundt and receive a Ph.D. in
psychology from Leipzig University.
B) She was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association and
conducted research on dreams, memory, and personality.
C) In 1908 she published an influential textbook titled The Animal Mind.
D) She was a comparative psychologist who conducted groundbreaking research on
the giant panda.
46. Who was the first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological
Association?
A) Margaret Floy Washburn
B) Francis C. Sumner
C) Mary Whiton Calkins
D) Rebecca Snyder

Loading page 10...

Page 10
47. Why was Mary Whiton Calkins denied the Ph.D. degree she had earned in her graduate
studies of psychology at Harvard University?
A) Her research was in an area called comparative psychology that was not recognized
as a legitimate part of scientific psychology at Harvard University at the time.
B) At the time, Harvard University forbade the use of nonhuman animals in
psychology research.
C) William James was opposed to opening the field of psychology to women and
refused to support her application, despite the fact that she was his most brilliant
student.
D) She was a woman, and at the time Harvard was not a coeducational institution.
48. Both Mary Whiton Calkins and Margaret Floy Washburn:
A) studied psychology at Wellesley College and Harvard University.
B) were students of G. Stanley Hall.
C) were elected president of the American Psychological Association.
D) were students of Francis C. Sumner.
49. The first U.S. woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology was:
A) Mary Whiton Calkins.
B) Margaret Floy Washburn.
C) Renee Descartes.
D) Francis C. Sumner.
50. Which of the following early psychologists wrote The Animal Mind and strongly
advocated the scientific study of the mental processes of different animal species?
A) Margaret Floy Washburn
B) John B. Watson
C) Mary Whiton Calkins
D) Edward B. Titchener
51. The first African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States was:
A) Francis C. Sumner.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) G. Stanley Hall.
D) Margaret Floy Washburn.

Loading page 11...

Page 11
52. Which of the following statements about Francis C. Sumner is TRUE?
A) He was the first African American president of the American Psychological
Association.
B) He was the first person to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States.
C) He was denied the Ph.D. degree he had earned in his graduate studies at Harvard
University because he was African American.
D) He chaired the Psychology Department at Howard University and was the first
African American to receive a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States.
53. The founder of psychoanalysis was:
A) American psychologist B. F. Skinner.
B) American psychologist Carl Rogers.
C) German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt.
D) Austrian physician Sigmund Freud.
54. Psychoanalysis emphasizes:
A) unconscious causes of behavior.
B) overt behavior and principles of learning.
C) psychological growth and conscious experience.
D) the perception of whole figures.
55. Who would have been most likely to say: “You behave the way you do for unconscious
reasons, not because of reasons in your consciousness”?
A) William James
B) John B. Watson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) G. Stanley Hall
56. Sigmund Freud:
A) believed that experiences in early childhood were critical in the formation of adult
personality.
B) promoted functionalism during his lecture series at Clark University in 1909.
C) stated that psychology should be the study of overt measurable behavior, especially
as it pertains to learning.
D) founded humanistic psychology.

Loading page 12...

Page 12
57. Your therapist is very interested in your dreams, blocked memories, and slips of the
tongue. On which approach to psychology is your therapist probably basing his
psychotherapy?
A) structuralism
B) psychoanalysis
C) behaviorism
D) functionalism
58. After attending a series of lectures by Freud at Clark University in 1909, _____
described Freud as “a man obsessed with fixed ideas.”
A) Francis C. Sumner
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Mary Whiton Calkins
D) William James
59. Sigmund Freud:
A) refused to visit the United States but lectured extensively at universities throughout
Europe and the Mediterranean.
B) trained Carl Rogers in the use of scientific methods to study the unconscious mind.
C) promoted the importance of the nature versus nurture issue and interactive dualism
in understanding human behavior.
D) delivered a series of lectures on psychoanalysis at Clark University in
Massachusetts in the early 1900s.
60. _____ is to psychoanalysis as _____ is to humanistic psychology.
A) Freud; James
B) Skinner; Calkins
C) Freud; Rogers
D) Maslow; Pavlov
61. Conscious experiences are to unconscious experiences as _____ is to _____.
A) B. F. Skinner; Abraham Maslow
B) Carl Rogers; Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt; John B. Watson
D) William James; Wilhelm Wundt

Loading page 13...

Page 13
62. The early school of psychology called behaviorism:
A) grew out of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov's pioneering research in which he
conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell.
B) was the first of the early schools to disappear.
C) was flatly rejected by John Watson and B. F. Skinner in the early 1900s.
D) was rejected as a pseudoscience in the early 1930s by the American Psychological
Association (APA) and the American Association for the Advancement of Science
(AAAS).
63. Behaviorism was characterized by:
A) the rejection of consciousness as a topic in psychology and a focus upon
observable behavior.
B) a narrow focus upon consciousness and conscious experience.
C) a focus upon the importance of free will, self-determination, and psychological
growth.
D) an emphasis upon the unconscious determinants of personality.
64. The founder of behaviorism was:
A) G. Stanley Hall.
B) William James.
C) John B. Watson.
D) Carl Rogers.
65. Which of the following statements about behaviorism is TRUE?
A) B. F. Skinner borrowed the introspection technique from structuralism for use in
his research on learning.
B) Behaviorism was based on Margaret Washburn's animal research showing the
importance of animal consciousness.
C) Behaviorism emphasized the importance of unconscious influences on human
behavior.
D) John B. Watson argued that consciousness was not a usable concept and considered
consciousness to be a concept related to superstition and magic.
66. Which of the following people strongly objected to structuralism's use of introspection
and its emphasis on conscious mental processes?
A) John B. Watson
B) Edward B. Titchener
C) Margaret Floy Washburn
D) Sigmund Freud

Loading page 14...

Page 14
67. Who made the statement “Behaviorism, on the contrary, holds that the subject matter of
human psychology is the behavior of the human being. Behaviorism claims that
consciousness is neither a definite nor a usable concept. The behaviorist, who has been
trained always as an experimentalist, holds, further, that belief in the existence of
consciousness goes back to the ancient days of superstition and magic.”
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Edward B. Titchener
C) Francis C. Sumner
D) John B. Watson
68. “My goal is to discover how behavior is acquired and modified in response to
environmental influences.” Of the following individuals, who is most likely to have
made such a statement?
A) John B. Watson
B) William James
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Carl Rogers
69. Who conditioned dogs to reflexively salivate at the sound of a bell, even in the absence
of food?
A) American psychologist Margaret Washburn
B) Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov
C) Austrian physician Sigmund Freud
D) American psychologist B. F. Skinner
70. Key figures in the development of behaviorism include:
A) Wundt, Titchener, and James.
B) James, Watson, and Calkins.
C) Maslow, Freud, and Rogers.
D) Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner.
71. With which behaviorist would you associate the procedures of reinforcement and
punishment for shaping the behavior of rats and pigeons?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) Abraham Maslow
C) B. F. Skinner
D) William James

Loading page 15...

Page 15
72. Which of the following approaches dominated American psychology for the first half of
the twentieth century?
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) behaviorism
D) psychoanalysis
73. Two key figures in the development of humanistic psychology include:
A) Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
B) Sigmund Freud and B. F. Skinner.
C) Mary Calkins and Margaret Floy Washburn.
D) John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner.
74. Which of the following people developed a theory of motivation that emphasized
psychological growth?
A) John B. Watson
B) Abraham Maslow
C) G. Stanley Hall
D) Ivan Pavlov
75. Which of the following people emphasized conscious experiences and each person's
unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction?
A) Carl Rogers
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Sigmund Freud
D) John B. Watson
76. Which of the following approaches was referred to as the “third force” in American
psychology?
A) psychoanalysis
B) functionalism
C) humanistic psychology
D) cognitive psychology
77. Humanistic psychology emphasized:
A) the physical bases of human and animal behavior, including the nervous system.
B) the experimental study of overt, observable behaviors.
C) unconscious determinants of personality and behavior.
D) free will, self-determination, psychological growth, and human potential.

Loading page 16...

13 more pages available. Scroll down to load them.

Preview Mode

100%

Study Now!

XY-Copilot AI

Unlimited Access

Secure Payment

Instant Access

24/7 Support

Document Chat

Document Details

Subject

Psychology

Discovering Psychology Sixth Edition Test Bank

Study Now!

Document Details

Related Documents

Test Bank for Discovering Psychology, 5th Edition

8-2 Short Paper Future Directions of Health Psycho

Psychopathology and Diagnostic Reasoning

Discussion 3

Competency Statement 3

The Role of Psychiatric Nurses in the Management o

The Role of Psychiatric Nurses in Managing Substan

COUN 6726 WK8 Discussion

Journal Forensic Psychotherapist

ATI RN Comprehensive Predictor 2025 with Critical

Company

Explore

Study Tools