Test Bank for Discovering Psychology, 5th Edition

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Test Bank for Discovering Psychology, 5th Edition provides a structured learning path, helping you tackle tricky questions with confidence.

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Appendix A
1 The type of statistics used to organize, summarize, and interpret
data is called _____ statistics.
 inferential Incorrect
 descriptive (True Answer )Correct
 correlational Incorrect
 population Incorrect
2 Your textbook describes a research project concerned with
health issues that generated a large amount of data. In order to
make sense out of this mass of information, the researchers used
_____ to organize and summarize the data.
 inferential statistics Incorrect
 population statistics Incorrect
 correlation coefficients Incorrect
 descriptive statistics (True Answer )Correct
3 If you arrange raw scores in order of magnitude and you record
the number of times each score occurs, you have constructed a
summary table called a:
 histogram. Incorrect
 scatter plot. Incorrect
 frequency distribution. (True Answer )Correct
 frequency polygon. Incorrect
4 A _____ is a graphic representation of a frequency distribution
in a type of bar chart that uses vertical bars that touch.
 polygon Incorrect
 correlation coefficient scatter plot Incorrect
 variability diagram Incorrect
 histogram (True Answer )Correct
5 Data from the health promotion study described in the textbook
were first arranged in a frequency distribution. The researchers
then graphically displayed the data in a bar chart with vertical
bars that touched. At that point, the researchers had
constructed a:
 histogram. (True Answer )Correct
 frequency polygon. Incorrect

 scatter plot. Incorrect
 means table. Incorrect
6 When the data from the health promotion study described in the
textbook were presented in a histogram, the categories (the
number of hours of aerobic exercise per week) were placed
along the _____, and the frequency of each category was
displayed along the _____.
 X axis; Y axis (True Answer )Correct
 vertical axis; horizontal axis Incorrect
 Y axis; X axis Incorrect
 ordinate; abscissa Incorrect
7 Yoshiko decided to organize the data from her frequency
distribution graphically in a type of bar chart in which the bars
were vertical and touched each other. Yoshiko's graph is called
a:
 scatter diagram. Incorrect
 histogram. (True Answer )Correct
 frequency polygon. Incorrect
 z score distribution. Incorrect
8 Marvin gathered data on the frequency of shopping trips to the
mall as a function of various age categories. To organize the
results of his research graphically, Marvin made a mark above
each age category at the point corresponding to its frequency,
and then connected these dots with straight lines. Marvin has
constructed a:
 frequency polygon. (True Answer )Correct
 frequency distribution. Incorrect
 histogram. Incorrect
 scatter plot. Incorrect
9 When Sarah created a frequency polygon, she noticed there
were more scores on one side of the distribution than on the
other. It would appear that Sarah's distribution is:
 symmetrical. Incorrect
 a standard normal curve. Incorrect
 skewed. (True Answer )Correct
 a scatter plot. Incorrect
10 When Mrs. Sanderson plotted the math test scores of her sixth
graders in a frequency polygon, the distribution turned out to be

positively skewed. This indicates that:
 most students had low scores. (True Answer )Correct
 the standard deviation is extremely large. Incorrect
 most students had high scores. Incorrect
 the correlation coefficient is close to zero. Incorrect
11 In a graph displaying family income in Slakia, the frequency of
families with low incomes was far greater than the frequency of
families with medium or high incomes. It would appear that the
distribution of family incomes in Slakia:
 is negatively skewed. Incorrect
 resembles the standard normal curve. Incorrect
 is positively skewed. (True Answer )Correct
 has little or no variability. Incorrect
12 A _____ distribution is asymmetrical, meaning that more scores
occur on one side of the distribution than on the other.
 variable Incorrect
 standard normal Incorrect
 z score Incorrect
 skewed (True Answer )Correct
13 In a(n) _____ distribution most people have low scores, whereas
in a(n) _____ distribution most people have high scores.
 positively skewed; negatively skewed (True Answer )Correct
 symmetrical; asymmetrical Incorrect
 negatively skewed; positively skewed Incorrect
 asymmetrical; symmetrical Incorrect
14 Using a frequency polygon, Sydney plotted the incomes of
families living in the Ritz Crescent area of town. She discovered
that very few families had low incomes, about a quarter had
medium incomes, and the majority had high incomes. It would
appear that the distribution of family income in Ritz Crescent:
 is negatively skewed. (True Answer )Correct
 has little or no variability. Incorrect
 is positively skewed. Incorrect
 is symmetrical. Incorrect

15 Anthony compared the frequency distributions of two twelfth-
grade classes on math test scores. He discovered that most
students had low scores in the first distribution. In contrast,
most of the students had high scores in the second distribution.
The first distribution is _____ and the second distribution is
_____.
 symmetrical; asymmetrical Incorrect
 positively skewed; negatively skewed (True Answer )Correct
 asymmetrical; symmetrical Incorrect
 negatively skewed; positively skewed Incorrect
16 A distribution in which scores fall equally on both sides of the
graph is said to be:
 skewed. Incorrect
 asymmetrical. Incorrect
 symmetrical. (True Answer )Correct
 statistically significant. Incorrect
17 The _____ is an example of a symmetrical distribution.
 standard normal curve (True Answer )Correct
 standard deviation Incorrect
 scatter diagram Incorrect
 modal distribution Incorrect
18 Researchers gathered data on a health-enhancing program. The
data indicated that the program had worked well in producing
behavioral changes. By the end of the program, the majority of
the program participants were exercising more hours per week,
and far fewer participants were leading inactive lives. A
frequency polygon of the data at the end of the program:
 would have very high z scores. Incorrect
 would be negatively skewed. (True Answer )Correct
 would be positively skewed. Incorrect
 would resemble the standard normal curve. Incorrect
19 After the first quiz in Psychology 101, Professor Driscoll used a
summary table to arrange the raw scores in order of magnitude
and recorded the number of times each score occurred.
Professor Driscoll has created a:
 frequency polygon. Incorrect
 scatter diagram. Incorrect

 frequency distribution. (True Answer )Correct
 histogram. Incorrect
20 A(n) _____ is a single number that presents some information
about the center of a frequency distribution.
 inferential statistic Incorrect
 correlation coefficient Incorrect
 measure of statistical significance Incorrect
 measure of central tendency (True Answer )Correct
21 Ramon has organized his data into both a frequency distribution
and a polygon. Now he wants to summarize the data with a
single number that provides information about the ―typical‖
score, or the ―center‖ of the distribution. Ramon would be
advised to use:
 a measure of central tendency. (True Answer )Correct
 an inferential statistic, called the t-test. Incorrect
 the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Incorrect
 a correlation coefficient. Incorrect
22 The _____ is the most frequently occurring score in a
distribution.
 mean Incorrect
 mode (True Answer )Correct
 median Incorrect
 range Incorrect
23 An analysis of the test scores on the first quiz showed that more
students got a score of 35 than any other score. In this example,
the score of 35 would be the:
 mean. Incorrect
 median. Incorrect
 mode. (True Answer )Correct
 standard deviation. Incorrect
24 In a slightly skewed distribution, the mode would be:
 the most frequently occurring score. (True Answer )Correct
 the score that falls in the middle of the distribution. Incorrect
 the arithmetic average. Incorrect
 a number, expressed in standard deviation units, that shows a

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score's deviation from the mean. Incorrect
25 In a health psychology study, researchers compiled data on the
number of participants in the study who exercised regularly and
the number of hours of exercise each person did per week.
Because more people reported exercising 5 hours a week than
any other category, 5 hours per week would be the _____ for this
distribution.
 median Incorrect
 range Incorrect
 average Incorrect
 mode (True Answer )Correct
26 When scores are arranged from lowest to highest, the _____ is
the score that divides a frequency distribution exactly in half, so
that the same number of scores lies on each side of it.
 average Incorrect
 z score Incorrect
 median (True Answer )Correct
 mode Incorrect
27 During the first week of their vacation, Sam drank 15 soft
drinks, Sonia drank 10, Dwayne drank 8, Eddie drank 6, and
Michele drank 6. The median number of soft drinks consumed
by this group is:
 6. Incorrect
 8. (True Answer )Correct
 10. Incorrect
 15. Incorrect
28 When Carla plotted the distribution of scores in her data, she
found that the score that fell exactly in the middle and divided
the distribution exactly in half was 50. In this case, the score of
50 is the:
 range. Incorrect
 mode. Incorrect
 mean. Incorrect
 median. (True Answer )Correct
29 By definition the arithmetic average of all the scores is called
the:
 z score. Incorrect
 mode. Incorrect

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 median. Incorrect
 mean. (True Answer )Correct
30 Fifty students took the midterm exam in Dr. Axelrod's class. In
order to get some idea of the most ―typical‖ score, Dr. Axelrod
added up all the scores and divided the sum by 50. The product
of this calculation is called the:
 median. Incorrect
 standard deviation. Incorrect
 mean. (True Answer )Correct
 range. Incorrect
31 The _____ is the score that is usually the most representative
measure of central tendency.
 mode Incorrect
 mean (True Answer )Correct
 correlation coefficient Incorrect
 median Incorrect
32 The _____ is the measure of central tendency that is most
affected by very extreme scores.
 mean (True Answer )Correct
 standard deviation Incorrect
 median Incorrect
 mode Incorrect
33 Neil had the following distribution of scores: 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 6, 25.
The _____ is the measure of central tendency that will be most
affected by the one extreme score of 25.
 correlation coefficient Incorrect
 mode Incorrect
 median Incorrect
 mean (True Answer )Correct
34 The range is to _____ as the mean is to _____.
 a measure of central tendency; a measure of
variability Incorrect
 descriptive statistics; inferential statistics Incorrect
 a measure of variability; a measure of central tendency (True
Answer )Correct

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 inferential statistics; descriptive statistics Incorrect
35 The standard deviation is to _____ as the mode is to _____.
 variability; central tendency (True Answer )Correct
 correlation; inferential statistics Incorrect
 central tendency; variability Incorrect
 inferential statistics; correlation Incorrect
36 A measure of _____ is a single number that presents information
about the spread of scores in a distribution.
 central tendency Incorrect
 correlation coefficient Incorrect
 statistical significance Incorrect
 variability (True Answer )Correct
37 Tyler wants to know how much the scores in his data differ from
each other and whether the scores are widely spread out. Tyler
would be well advised to use:
 a measure of central tendency. Incorrect
 the correlation coefficient. Incorrect
 a measure of variability. (True Answer )Correct
 the analysis of variance technique (ANOVA). Incorrect
38 The _____ is a measure of variability that is computed by
subtracting the lowest score in the distribution from the highest
score.
 standard deviation Incorrect
 mode Incorrect
 median Incorrect
 range (True Answer )Correct
39 As a measure of variability, the range provides a limited amount
of information because it:
 depends on the two most extreme scores in a distribution, the
highest and the lowest. (True Answer )Correct
 reflects only one score in the distribution, the middle
point. Incorrect
 depends on the average amount of variation in a distribution
based on how different each score is from the mean. Incorrect
 reflects only one score in the distribution, the most frequently

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occurring score. Incorrect
40 In order to determine the variability of the scores on the
midterm exam, Professor Ainslie subtracted the mean from each
score, squared each of these deviations, added them, divided the
result by the total number of scores, and finally took the square
root of that number. Professor Ainslie has calculated the:
 z score. Incorrect
 correlation coefficient. Incorrect
 mean. Incorrect
 standard deviation. (True Answer )Correct
41 The _____ is a measure of variability expressed as the square
root of the sum of the squared deviations around the mean
divided by the number of scores in the distribution.
 correlation coefficient Incorrect
 analysis of variance (ANOVA) Incorrect
 standard deviation (True Answer )Correct
 t-test Incorrect
42 After collecting her data and performing a number of statistical
analyses, Jana noticed that the standard deviation was very
large. This indicates that:
 there was a relatively large number of scores in the
distribution. Incorrect
 the distribution was positively skewed. Incorrect
 the scores were clustered around the mean and were not
spread out. Incorrect
 the scores had a great deal of variability and were not
clustered around the mean. (True Answer )Correct
43 When Stefan compared two distributions, each with the same
mean, he noticed that distribution A had much more variability,
or ―spread,‖ than distribution B. It is very likely that the
standard deviation of distribution A will:
 be smaller than the standard deviation of distribution
B. Incorrect
 be identical to the standard deviation of distribution
B. Incorrect
 be larger than the standard deviation of distribution B. (True
Answer )Correct
 have a negative value compared to the standard deviation for
distribution B. Incorrect

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44 The _____ is a number, expressed in standard deviation units,
that shows a score's deviation from the mean.
 z score (True Answer )Correct
 mode Incorrect
 correlation coefficient Incorrect
 mean Incorrect
45 If a distribution resembles the standard normal curve, a
person's _____ can tell us exactly how his or her score compares
to all the other scores in the distribution.
 correlation coefficient Incorrect
 z score (True Answer )Correct
 average score Incorrect
 modal score Incorrect
46 On the first test, the scores in Professor Ramirez's introductory
psychology class produced a bell-shaped curve. A student who
scored better than 84 percent of the other students in the class
would have a z score of:
 +0.84. Incorrect
 –1. Incorrect
 +1. (True Answer )Correct
 –0.84. Incorrect
47 When the midterm test scores were analyzed and the results
graphed, they produced a standard normal curve. Ramón's z
score on the midterm exam was +1, which indicates that:
 he scored better than 34.13 percent of the class. Incorrect
 he scored better than 84 percent of the class. (True Answer
)Correct
 50 percent of the class scored higher than Ramón. Incorrect
 34.13 percent of the class scored lower than Ramón. Incorrect
48 On the normal distribution of people's weights, Kayla had a z
score of zero. This indicates that Kayla's weight _____ of all the
weights in the distribution.
 equals the mean (True Answer )Correct
 is greater than 84 percent Incorrect
 is less than 34.14 percent Incorrect
 was the lowest Incorrect

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49 _____ is a symmetrical distribution forming a bell-shaped curve
in which the mean, median, and mode are all equal and fall in
the exact middle.
 A positively skewed polygon Incorrect
 The standard normal curve (True Answer )Correct
 A scatter diagram Incorrect
 A negatively skewed histogram Incorrect
50 When Amanda plotted her data, the results closely resembled
the standard normal curve. The data revealed a mean of 100 and
a standard deviation of 10. Amanda can be confident that
approximately 68 percent of the scores are between:
 34 and 84. Incorrect
 90 and 110. (True Answer )Correct
 80 and 120. Incorrect
 66 and 134. Incorrect
51 The relationship between two variables is called _____ and is
numerically indicated by _____.
 the standard deviation; a z score Incorrect
 a histogram; the median Incorrect
 a correlation; a correlation coefficient (True Answer )Correct
 the range; the standard deviation Incorrect
52 A correlation coefficient is a numerical indication of:
 the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two
variables. (True Answer )Correct
 variability in a single set of scores. Incorrect
 central tendency. Incorrect
 statistical significance. Incorrect
53 A _____ correlation coefficient indicates that as one variable
increases, the other tends to increase, and a _____ correlation
coefficient indicates that as one variable increases, the other
tends to decrease.
 high; low Incorrect
 negative; positive Incorrect
 low; high Incorrect
 positive; negative (True Answer )Correct

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54 Ethan wants to measure the relationship between two variables,
weight and height. To calculate the correlation coefficient for his
data set, Ethan should first:
 convert both variables into z scores. (True Answer )Correct
 do an inferential test for statistical significance. Incorrect
 construct a frequency polygon. Incorrect
 plot a standard normal curve. Incorrect
55 The closer a correlation coefficient is to _____, the stronger the
relationship between the two variables.
 zero Incorrect
 +5.0 Incorrect
 +10.0 or –10.0 Incorrect
 +1.00 or –1.00 (True Answer )Correct
56 Of the following correlation coefficients, which represents the
strongest relationship between two factors?
 –0.80 (True Answer )Correct
 +0.03 Incorrect
 +0.36 Incorrect
 –0.15 Incorrect
57 Which of the following is NOT a possible correlation coefficient?
 +1.00 Incorrect
 –0.98 Incorrect
 +1.72 (True Answer )Correct
 +0.54 Incorrect
58 A correlation coefficient of –0.88 is to _____ as a correlation
coefficient of +0.15 is to _____.
 a low negative correlation; a high positive
correlation Incorrect
 a negatively skewed distribution; a positively skewed
distribution Incorrect
 a high negative correlation; a low positive correlation (True
Answer )Correct
 a positively skewed distribution; a negatively skewed
distribution Incorrect

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59 After conducting a statistical analysis of responses to a survey,
Professor Balbos finds a correlation of +3.14 between frequency
of air travel and frequency of colds. This indicates that:
 Professor Balbos has made a serious error in calculating the
correlation coefficient. (True Answer )Correct
 a cause-and-effect relationship exists between travel by air
and colds. Incorrect
 as air travel increases, the frequency of colds also
increases. Incorrect
 as air travel decreases, the frequency of colds
increases. Incorrect
60 Your instructor notices that in many of her classes, the longer
she lectures, the more student yawns she sees. This represents:
 a positive correlation. (True Answer )Correct
 a negative correlation. Incorrect
 a cause-and-effect relationship. Incorrect
 scientific proof that yawning is contagious. Incorrect
61 Dr. Meeney calculated correlation coefficients for two different
sets of data. He found that data set X had a correlation
coefficient of –0.75, and data set Y had a correlation coefficient
of +0.58. Dr. Meeney can conclude that:
 set X has a stronger correlation than set Y. (True Answer
)Correct
 set Y has a stronger correlation than set X. Incorrect
 the data in set X were positively skewed. Incorrect
 the data in set Y were negatively skewed. Incorrect
62 In her research, Dr. Bristow found that the more time students
spent studying, the higher their score on the final exam. Dr.
Bristow has demonstrated a _____ correlation.
 positive (True Answer )Correct
 zero Incorrect
 negative Incorrect
 skewed Incorrect
63 Assume that one particular study showed that there is a
relatively high negative correlation between exercise and fitness.
This would indicate:
 the less people exercise, the greater their physical
fitness. (True Answer )Correct

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 the more people exercise, the greater their physical
fitness. Incorrect
 that there is a clear causal relationship between exercise and
fitness. Incorrect
 that there is no relationship between exercise and
fitness. Incorrect
64 Bailey discovered that there was a negative correlation between
the amount of time spent watching TV and level of education. If
the correlation coefficient is relatively high, Bailey can conclude
that:
 TV watching directly interferes with obtaining an
education. Incorrect
 the more education people have, the less TV they
watch. (True Answer )Correct
 the less education people have, the less TV they
watch. Incorrect
 people who watch a great deal of TV have higher levels of
education than people who watch very little TV. Incorrect
65 Suppose that it has been shown that the lower the family income,
the higher the incidence of psychological problems. This finding
would demonstrate that there is a _____ between family income
and psychological problems.
 positive correlation Incorrect
 zero correlation Incorrect
 negative correlation (True Answer )Correct
 cause-and-effect relationship Incorrect
66 Which of the following correlation coefficients would indicate
the strongest relationship between high school grade-point
average and first year college grade-point average?
 +0.15 Incorrect
 +0.72 (True Answer )Correct
 –0.45 Incorrect
 +0.30 Incorrect
67 After analyzing her data, Professor Nelson discovers that a
correlation coefficient of +0.75 exists between the amount of
coffee a person drinks and the degree of stress experienced.
Professor Nelson can safely conclude that:
 there is no relationship between stress and coffee
consumption. Incorrect

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 stress causes people to drink coffee. Incorrect
 as coffee consumption increases, stress also increases. (True
Answer )Correct
 as coffee consumption increases, stress decreases. Incorrect
68 Assume that annual income is related to level of education.
Which of the following correlation coefficients would indicate
the strongest relationship between the two variables?
 –0.35 Incorrect
 –0.01 Incorrect
 +0.65 (True Answer )Correct
 +0.10 Incorrect
69 Ethan analyzed the data from his correlational research project
and found a correlation coefficient of –0.15. Ethan can conclude
that the two variables:
 have a high negative correlation. Incorrect
 are weakly related. (True Answer )Correct
 have a high positive correlation. Incorrect
 are causally related. Incorrect
70 A _____ is a graph that represents the relationship between two
variables.
 frequency polygon Incorrect
 histogram Incorrect
 scatter diagram or scatter plot (True Answer )Correct
 standard normal curve Incorrect
71 A scatter diagram graphically depicts:
 the normal distribution of scores in a set of data. Incorrect
 a number, expressed in standard deviation units, that shows a
score's deviation from the mean. Incorrect
 the amount of variability in a distribution. Incorrect
 the relationship between two variables. (True Answer
)Correct
72 When Brooke plotted her data in a graph that showed the
relationship between variable A and variable B, she found that
they clustered in a pattern that extended from the upper left-
hand corner of the graph to the lower right-hand corner. Brooke
has plotted a _____ that shows a _____.

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