Human Anatomy And Physiology, 8th Edition Test Bank

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ExamName___________________________________MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.1)What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?1)A)transverseB)sagittalC)medianD)frontalAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)2)One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________.2)A)the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience angerB)sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to themC)the necessity for all organisms to reproduceD)indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory systemAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)3)Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?3)A)two cuts dividing the body into left and right halvesB)a transverse cut just above the kneesC)any sagittal plane except the medianD)any cut dividing the body into anterior and posteriorAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)4)Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli?4)A)nervousB)lymphaticC)immuneD)muscularAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)5)The cavities housing the eyes are called __________ cavities.5)A)cranialB)nasalC)orbitalD)frontalAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)1

6)If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat wouldbe the ________.6)A)control centerB)effectorC)receptorD)variableAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)7)The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?7)A)intestinesB)liverC)lungsD)brainAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)8)Choose the anatomical topic and definition that isnotcorrectly matched.8)A)Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.B)Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.C)Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.D)Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)9)The termpollexrefers to the ________.9)A)calfB)thumbC)fingersD)great toeAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)10)The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is__________ anatomy.10)A)developmentalB)microscopicC)systemicD)grossAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)2

11)What is the posterior side of the patella called?11)A)poplitealB)cruralC)antecubitalD)suralAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)12)Which of these isnotpart of the dorsal cavity?12)A)cranial cavityB)spinal cordC)thoracic cavityD)vertebral cavityAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)13)An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in thebloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.13)A)metabolismB)responsivenessC)maintaining boundariesD)excretion of metabolic wasteAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)14)The anatomical position is used ________.14)A)only when a body is lying downB)rarely, because people don't usually assume this positionC)as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of thebodyD)as the most comfortable way to stand when dissecting a specimenAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)15)Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?15)A)stomachB)appendixC)liverD)intestinesAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)3

16)An oblique cut is one that is cut ________.16)A)vertical right and leftB)perpendicular to vertical and horizontalC)horizontal right and leftD)diagonally between the vertical and horizontalAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)17)What is the specific name for the hip region?17)A)coxalB)manusC)pedalD)inguinalAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)18)Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?18)A)systemic anatomyB)cardiovascular physiologyC)systemic physiologyD)cardiovascular anatomyAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)19)Choose the following statement that isnotcompletely correct regarding serous membranes.19)A)Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential spacebetween the two.B)Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the wallsof the heart.C)Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.D)Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures.Answer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)20)The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of bodyweight, is ________.20)A)proteinB)oxygenC)waterD)hydrogenAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)4

21)What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?21)A)to regulate excretionB)to maintain homeostasisC)to control all body system tissuesD)to keep the body's sugar highAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)22)Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.22)A)a relatively stable internal environment, within limitsB)a dynamic state within an unlimited rangeC)the lowest possible energy usageD)a static state with no deviation from preset pointsAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)23)Which body cavity protects the nervous system?23)A)dorsalB)cranialC)thoracicD)vertebralAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)24)________ cavities are spaces within joints.24)A)OrbitalB)OralC)SynovialD)NasalAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)25)Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?25)A)DSAB)MRIC)X rayD)PETAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)26)A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be a(n) ________.26)A)organ systemB)complex tissueC)organD)complex cellAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)5

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27)Average body temperature is ________ degrees centigrade.27)A)68B)47C)37D)98Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)28)The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ________.28)A)covering individual lungsB)covering the heartC)lining the thoracic cavityD)lining the abdominal cavityAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)29)A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.29)A)regulating glucose levels in the bloodB)enhancement of labor contractionsC)body temperature regulationD)blood calcium level regulationAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)30)Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:1.molecules2.atoms3.tissues4.cells5.organ30)A)2-1-3-4-5B)1-2-4-3-5C)2-1-4-3-5D)1-2

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32)Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?32)A)Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.B)Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.C)It is considered the cause of most diseases.D)The internal environment is becoming more stable.Answer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)33)What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?33)A)regionalB)transverseC)sagittalD)frontalAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)34)The heart lies in the ________ cavity.34)A)pericardialB)superior mediastinalC)pleuralD)dorsalAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)35)Which of the following wouldnotbe a functional characteristic of life?35)A)maintenance of boundariesB)responsiveness to external stimuliC)decayD)movementAnswer:CExplanation:A)B)C)D)36)Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.36)A)cellsB)cell chemistryC)the gross structures of the bodyD)tissuesAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)7

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37)Which of the following are survival needs of the body?37)A)nutrients, water, growth, and reproductionB)nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygenC)nutrients, water, movement, and reproductionD)water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movementAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)38)The anatomical position is characterized by all of the followingexcept________.38)A)palms turned posteriorlyB)body erectC)thumbs pointed laterallyD)arms at sidesAnswer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)39)Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?39)A)Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.B)Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host.C)Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.D)Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.Answer:AExplanation:A)B)C)D)40)In which cavities are the lungs located?40)A)mediastinum, thoracic, and ventralB)pleural, ventral, and thoracicC)pleural, dorsal, and abdominalD)pericardial, ventral, and thoracicAnswer:BExplanation:A)B)C)D)41)Subdivisions of anatomy include which of the following?41)A)gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopicB)regional, surface, visual, and microscopicC)gross, regional, dissection, and surfaceD)gross, regional, systemic, and surfaceAnswer:DExplanation:A)B)C)D)8

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:44)Vertebral cavity.44)Answer:BExplanation:45)What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?45)Answer:negativeExplanation:46)Why is anatomical terminology necessary?46)Answer:Anatomical terms are precise words that have limited usage, which preventsconfusion when describing the location of body parts.Explanation:47)The term that describes the heel region is________.47)Answer:calcanealExplanation:10

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48)Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable in an automobile accident?48)Answer:The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are notreinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree ofprotection from the bony pelvis.Explanation:49)What is the function of the serous membranes?49)Answer:They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls.Explanation:50)The elbow is ________ to the wrist.50)Answer:proximalExplanation:Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:51)Epigastric region.51)Answer:AExplanation:11

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Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:57)Right hypochondriac.57)Answer:BExplanation:58)What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathwaycalled?58)Answer:afferent pathwayExplanation:59)Similar cells that have a common function are called________.59)Answer:tissuesExplanation:60)What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?60)Answer:metabolismExplanation:61)Fully describe the anatomical position for the human body.61)Answer:The body is erect, arms hanging at the sides, palms forward, and thumbs pointedaway from the midline.Explanation:14

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62)What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?62)Answer:homeostasisExplanation:63)What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?63)Answer:visceralExplanation:64)________ physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.64)Answer:RenalExplanation:65)The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________.65)Answer:responsiveness or irritabilityExplanation:66)What does the “principle of complementarity of structures and function” mean?66)Answer:What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or "structure determinesfunction."Explanation:67)Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.67)Answer:Yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete.Explanation:68)What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?68)Answer:The goal is to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.Explanation:69)What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?69)Answer:waterExplanation:15

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