Human Anatomy and Physiology-Cardiovascular Questi

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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- CARDIOVASCULAR QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS1. What does the cardiovascular system consist of?:1. Heart2.Bloodvessels3.Blood2.What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?:Transport mate- rials to and fromthe body3.Blood is pumped away from the heart via::The arteries4.Blood is pumped towards the heart via:The veins5.What is transported throughout the CV system?:1. Things entering from externalenvironment- oxygen- nutrients2.Materials going between cells- hormones- antibodies3.Waste products from cells requiring elimination- heat- CO26. How many chambers does the heart have? What are the names of these chambers?:41.Right atria2.Right ventricle3.Left atria4.Left ventricle7.What do the 2 atria do?:Reservoirs for returning blood to the heart8.What do the 2 ventricles do?:They are pumps to propel the blood9.What is a septum?:It divides the heart into right and left sides10.What is the process through which the blood pumps through the heart and body?:Blood to thebody: Right atrium —> right ventricle —> pulmonary circulation via pulmonary artery —>From lungs —> left atrium via pulmonary veins —> left ventricle —> to the rest of thebodyBlood back to heart: via the superior and inferior vena cava to the atrium11.What does the term right side refer to?:Pulmonary circulation —> served by the rightventricle12.What does the term left side refer to?:Systemic circulation —> served by the left ventricle13.What does the right side do?:Propel deoxygenated blood to the lungs1 /16

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14.What does the left side do?:Propels oxygenated blood to the tissues15.Heart failure can be caused by an impairment of what?:1. Inability for the heart to fdl2.Inability of heart to pump3.Not enough blood16.What happens in right sided heart failure?:Build up of pressure that begins with rightventricle and then moves to right atrium and then back to systemic veins17.What are clinical signs of right sided heart failure?:l.JVD2. Peripheral edema18.What is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?:Pre-existing left sided heartfailure19.What happens in left sided heart failure?:Pressure begins to build in left ventricle, then toleft atrium — > then to lungs20.What are clinical signs of left sided heart failure?:1. Pulmonary edema2. SOB21.What is the most common cause of left-sided heart failure?:MI22.In pulmonary circulation, what pressure does blood flow at?:Low pressure23.What is pulmonary hypertension ?:Pressure in pulmonary artery is raised resulting instrain on right ventricle —> can cause right sides heart failure24.What is blood flow driven by?:Difference in pressure between arteries and veins25.The difference in pressure between theand the,.drives bloodflow through systemic circulation:AortaLarge central veins26.Amount of flow that occurs depends on::Resistance27.Vascular restriction is achieved by::Altering blood vessel diameter (vasodi- lation andvasoconstriction)28.Changes in compliance of cardiac muscle affects what?:Ability of the heart to fdl with blood29.Changes in compliance of blood vessels walls affects what?:Volume and pressure of theblood30.What is the central pathology in diastolic heart failure?:Low compliance - because leftventricle is thickened and noncompliantTx - with calcium channel blocker to relax cardiac myocytes during diastole31.What is the tricuspid valve?:Permits blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle2/16

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