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The Human Body An Orientation

Introductory overview of human anatomy and physiology. Covers anatomical terminology, body systems, structural organization, life functions, homeostasis, body planes, and cavities—ideal for beginners in health sciences.

Daniel Miller
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Chapter 1The Human Body: An OrientationWhy This Matters□Learning and understanding anatomical tenninology allows you to communicate accurately withyour colleagues in the health sciences.1.1Form and Function of Anatomy & Physiology□Anatomy-Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another□Physiology-Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activitiesTopics of Anatomy□Subdivisions of anatomy:-Grossor macroscopic anatomyis the study of large, visible structures□Regional anatomy looks at all structures in a particular area of the bodyHSystem anatomy looks at just one system (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.)□Surface anatomy looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (visible musclemasses or veins seen on surface)Topics of Anatomy (cont.)□Subdivisions (cont.)-Microscopic anatomydeals with structures too small to be seen by naked eye□Cytology: microscopic study of cells□Histology: microscopic study of tissues-Developmental anatomystudies anatomical and physiological development throughout life□Embryology: study of developments before birth□To study anatomy, one must know anatomical terminology and be able to observe, manipulate,palpate, and auscultateTopics of Physiology□Subdivisions of physiology-Based on organ systems (e.g., renal or cardiovascular physiology)-Often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of the body□Looks at how the body's abilities are dependent on chemical reactions in individual cells□To study physiology, one must understand basic physical principles (e.g., electrical currents,pressure, and movement) as well as basic chemical principlesComplementarity of Structure and Function□Anatomy and physiology are inseparable-Function always reflects structure-What a structure can do depends on its specific form-Known as theprinciple of complementarity of structure and function

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Anatomy and Physiology

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