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Atrial Fibrillation

Informative article on Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) covering its history, anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Includes facts, risk factors, and expert references from Mayo Clinic and academic sources.

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Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)Symia LloydGalen College of NursingBio 1300: Anatomy & Physiology II- TheoryProf. Amy BohanMarch 9,2025

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Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)Atrial Fibrillation known as AFib is an irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm. Anirregular heart rhythm is called arrhythmia. AFib can lead to blood clots in the heart. Thecondition also increases the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications(mayoclinic,2025).The first human ECG depicting atrial fibrillation was published by Willem Einthoven(1860-1927) in 1906. The proof of a direct connection between absolute arrhythmia and atrialfibrillation was established by two Viennese physicians, Carl Julius Rothberger and HeinrichWinterberg in 1909. Sir Thomas Lewis (1881-1945), the father of modem electrocardiography,studied electrophysiological characteristics of atrial fibrillation and has shown that its basicperpetuating mechanism is circus movement of electrical impulse (Saba,2020).It is estimated that 12.1 million people in the US will have AFib. In 2021, AFib wasmentioned on 232,030 death certificates and was the underlying cause of death in 28,037 ofthose deaths People of European descent is more likely to have AFib than Black people. Becausethe number of AFib cases increases with age and women generally live longer than men, morewomen than men experience AFib. More than 454,000 hospitalizations with AFib as the primarydiagnosis happen each year in the US. The condition contributes to about 158,000 deaths eachyear. The death rate from AFib as the primary or a contributing cause of death has been rising formore than two decades (CDC,2024).Normal Anatomy of the Major Body SystemThe major body system that is affected is the atria. The Atria are one of the two upperchambers of the heart. The normal anatomy of the atria consists of the left and right atrium.
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Anatomy and Physiology

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