Human Exceptionality: School, Community, And Family, 12th Edition Test Bank

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1. Which of the following statements is accurate?a. Labels affect individuals in a similar manner.b. Labels attempt to describe, identify, and distinguish individuals who differ from the norm.c. Labels tend to be stable across cultures.d. Labels are given only to people who differ significantly from the average.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The purpose of a label is to communicate specific differences in people who varysignificantly from what is considered “typical or normal.”2. Sabah is a person with a physical disability who uses a wheelchair. Sabah must bank by mail because the only bank inher town is not accessible by wheelchair. The term that most accurately describes the relationship between Sabah 'scondition and her lack of access to the bank is aa. disability.b. handicap.c. disturbance.d. disorder.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:A handicap is a limitation imposed on the individual by environmental demands and isrelated to the individual's ability to adapt or adjust to these demands.Page1

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3. The term "exceptional" describes individuals whoa. are limited because of environmental demands.b. have higher than average general ability.c. deviate either higher or lower from the norm and may require specialized services.d. have a general malfunction of mental processing.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Exceptional is a comprehensive label. It describes an individual whose physical,intellectual, or behavioral performance differs substantially from what is typical (ornormal), either higher or lower.4. All labels area. positive.b. negative.c. based on perceptionsd. factual.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.5. Labels are used toa. distinguish who is eligible for services and who is not and to help professionals communicate effectively withone another.b. ensure that characteristics within a culture have the same meaning.c. prohibit discrimination.d. confirm environmental bias.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.Page2

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6. The developmental approach to labelinga. defines normal according to standards established by a given culture.b. uses statistics to describe what characteristics occur most frequently at a given age.c. reflects an individual's perceptions about himself/herself.d. defines normal as the absence of psychological abnormality.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The developmental approach is based on an understanding of normal humandevelopment. This approach to labeling differences is based on observations of largenumbers of individuals and comparing an individual’s growth to the group average.Differences in development are labeled accordingly.7. According to the developmental approach, typical development can be determineda. by assessing whether an individual is physically healthy.b. by standards of parental perceptions.c. by comparing a child's growth pattern to a group average.d. by extensive psychological testing.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The developmental approach is based on an understanding of normal humandevelopment. As such, this approach to labeling differences is based on deviations fromwhat is considered normal physical, social, or intellectual growth.Page3

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8. “Typical” as defined by the cultural perspective is determined bya. values that are established within a given society.b. a set of universal standards that can be applied from culture to culture.c. by observing large number of individuals whose characteristics occur most frequently at a given age.d. the range of abnormal behaviors that are present in a society.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:From a cultural view, “typical” is defined by what any given society values.9. Mohammed has just arrived at O'Hare Airport and is being greeted by Ms. Storm, a top executive of the LakeshoreDevelopment Company. Ms. Storm extends her hand to Mohammed, and he becomes embarrassed and agitated.Where he lives shaking hands with a woman is considered to be inappropriate behavior. This difference is bestdescribed by the _____ to labeling.a. self-labeling approachb. developmental approachc. universal approachd. cultural perspectiveANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The standards in Mohammed's culture are different from those of Ms. Storm. What isacceptable behavior for Mohammed places him in conflict with what is acceptable forMs. Storm.Page4

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10. Nathan is seventeen years old and a senior at Valley View High School. Nathan is exceptionally bright and excels inhis academic endeavors. He is well liked by his teachers and has a small circle of close friends. Nathan views himselfas being inferior to his peers because of his small stature and his lack of athletic abilities. However this view is notshared by his friends. The labeling process that best describes Nathan's view isa. formal labeling.b. peer-imposed labeling.c. self-imposed labeling.d. culturally-imposed labeling.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Because Nathan does not perceive himself in the same way as his peers and is imposinghis own labels, he is engaged in a self-labeling process. The labels he imposes uponhimself are not recognized by his peers. Everyone engages in a process of self-labelingthat may not be recognized by others with whom they interact. Thus, self-imposed labelsreflect how we perceive ourselves, not how others see us.11. Reactions to being labeleda. are the same for everyone.b. are all negative.c. are all positive.d. vary greatly from person to person.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Reactions to a label differ greatly from one person to another but can often be negative12. David is sitting in the school office waiting to talk to the principal. Students passing the office assume that he must bein trouble. The term that best describes the students' behavior isa. self-imposed bias.b. teacher bias.c. contextual bias.d. self-fulfilling prophecy.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The context in which we view someone can clearly influence our perceptions of thatperson. In this case, the students made a direct association between the environment(principal's office) and David's presence there. The reaction was because David ispresent in this environment, he must be in trouble.Page5

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13. Which of the following had the most significant impact on the evolution of education for students with disabilitiesduring the 1940s and 1950s?a. Parents organizing and increasing professional interestb. Legislationc. School administration supportd. Increasing population of people with disabilitiesANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.03 - Explain how societal views on people with disabilities changedfrom widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21st century.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:In response to the apathy and discrimination that permeated their lives, new parentgroups advocating for the rights of children with disabilities began to organize on anational level around 1950.14. This provision of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities infederally assisted programs.a. Public Law 94-142.b. Public Law 94-357.c. Section 504.d. Section 401.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.03 - Explain how societal views on people with disabilities changedfrom widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21st century.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.15. A fundamental purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act is toa. require that every person with a disability have a job if he or she wants one.b. prevent discrimination against people with disabilities.c. establish a quota that requires every employer to hire at least one person with a disability.d. provide income (cash) support to people with disabilities who are unable to work.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.NOTES:The purpose of ADA was to change this discrimination and affirm the rights of morethan 50 million Americans with disabilities to participate in the life of their community.Page6

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16. The intent of a reasonable accommodation for a person with a disability is toa. provide an advantage over people who are not disabled given years of discrimination.b. provide that every person with a disability who wants a job can get one.c. require employers to hire at least one person with a disability for every ten positions that come open.d. provide an opportunity to achieve the same level of performance and enjoy benefits equal to an average,similarly situated person without a disability.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.17. The intent of the ADA is toa. end racial discrimination.b. create a fair and level playing field.c. accommodate all needs.d. regulate small business.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The intent of ADA is to create a “fair and level playing field” for eligible persons withdisabilities. To do so, the law specifies that reasonable accommodations need to be madethat take into account each person's needs resulting from their disability.18. The term "pathology" would most often be used by professionals in the field ofa. sociology.b. medicine.c. education.d. psychology.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Pathology is defined as alterations in an organism caused by disease, resulting in a stateof ill health that interferes with or destroys the integrity of the organism.Page7

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19. In one of the first attempts to personalize care for individuals with disabilities, Jean Marc Itard came to believe thata. genetics was the primary factor in learning and that a person's behavior was not influenced by the environment.b. behavior modification changed the way a person acted.c. good physical conditioning would change behavior.d. proper environment and physiological stimulation can change behavior.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Jean-Marc Itard (1775–1838) believed that the environment, in conjunction withphysiological stimulation, could contribute to the learning potential of any human being.20. Broadly viewed, psychology is the study ofa. the physical state of an individual.b. neurological functioning of an individual.c. behaviors that can be observed.d. modern cultures and social institutions.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Psychology is the science of human and animal behavior, the study of the acts andmental events that can be observed and evaluated. Broadly viewed, psychology isconcerned with every behavior of an individualPage8

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21. In the early twentieth century, Watson shifted the content of psychology toa. the science of conscious experience.b. observable behavior and mental events.c. examination of one's inner beliefs.d. learning and motivation.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.7.0 - Beginning special education professionals collaborate withfamilies and other educators, related services providers, individuals with exceptionalities,and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways to address theneeds of individuals with exceptionalities across a range of learning experiences.NOTES:In 1913, John B. Watson (1878–1958) shifted the focus of psychology from consciousexperience to observable behavior and mental events.22. Mark is a twenty-five-year-old individual who resides in a mental institution. He believes that he is Abraham Lincolnand spends most of the day trying to free the other patients. It is most likely that Mark has aa. neurotic disorder.b. paranoid eccentric behavior disorder.c. psychotic disorder.d. sociopathic disorder.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.7.0 - Beginning special education professionals collaborate withfamilies and other educators, related services providers, individuals with exceptionalities,and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways to address theneeds of individuals with exceptionalities across a range of learning experiences.NOTES:Neurotic disorders are characterized by combinations of anxieties, compulsions,obsessions, and phobias. Psychotic disorders are characterized by delusions,hallucinations, and illusions.Page9

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23. Social service professionals are primarily concerned witha. behavior patterns of individuals or animals.b. pathological deficits of an individual.c. mental processing deficits.d. modern cultures and group behaviors.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.7.0 - Beginning special education professionals collaborate withfamilies and other educators, related services providers, individuals with exceptionalities,and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways to address theneeds of individuals with exceptionalities across a range of learning experiences.NOTES:Whereas psychology focuses primarily on the behavior of the individual, sociology isconcerned with modern cultures, group behaviors, societal institutions, and intergrouprelationships.24. Determining who will be labeled socially deviant is guided by the principle thata. social deviance is an illness.b. social deviance is caused solely by an individual's experience with the environment.c. normal and deviant behaviors are only determined by psychology professionals.d. normal behavior must meet societal expectations.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.7.0 - Beginning special education professionals collaborate withfamilies and other educators, related services providers, individuals with exceptionalities,and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways to address theneeds of individuals with exceptionalities across a range of learning experiences.NOTES:When individuals meet the social norms of the group, they are considered normal. Whenindividuals are unable to adapt to social roles or to establish appropriate interpersonalrelationships, their behaviors are considered deviant.Page10

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25. Suggested inclusion for people with disabilities requiresa. encouraging the inclusion of people with disabilities in communities and families.b. appropriate support needs to be provided to help individuals become more independent.c. the community needs to strive for ways to reduce barriers and increase inclusion .d. appropriate support needs to be provided to help individuals become more independent and the communityneeds to strive for ways to reduce barriers and increase inclusion.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.26. "Disability" refers to an individual who has a loss of physical functioning or difficulty in learning and social adjustment.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.27. The term "handicapped" literally means “cap in hand.”a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.Page11

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28. Some labels may be permanent, others may be temporary, but all are negative.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.29. The best way to describe human differences is the cultural approach.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.30. The fundamental purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act is to guarantee that every person with a disabilitygets a job.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.7.0 - Beginning special education professionals collaborate withfamilies and other educators, related services providers, individuals with exceptionalities,and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways to address theneeds of individuals with exceptionalities across a range of learning experiences.Page12

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31. The Americans with Disabilities Act defines a person with a disability as having both a physical or mental impairmentthat substantially limits him or her in some major life activity.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.32. Individuals who are exceptional should be viewed from a broader perspective than that projected by a singleprofession.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.33. A recent N.O.D/Harris poll found that there were no differences in the employment rate of people with disabilitiesand those who were not disabled.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.03 - Explain how societal views on people with disabilities changedfrom widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21st century.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.Page13

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34. As a result of the ADA, people with disabilities are moving from small, community based settings, to living in large,isolated, congregate, care centers.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:FalseREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.35. Recreational programs assist individuals in creating more satisfying lifestyles.a. Trueb. Falsea. Trueb. FalseANSWER:TrueREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.36. Why do we label people?ANSWER:1) Describe, identify, and distinguish one person from another; 2) determine eligibility;facilitate communication.REFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.Page14

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37. Your text describes three labeling approaches that can be used to describe the nature and extent of differences.Briefly describe one of the three approaches and provide an example.ANSWER:The three approaches described in the text are: developmental, cultural, and self-labeling. The developmental approach to labeling is based on deviations from what isconsidered normal physical, social, or intellectual growth. Human differences are theresult of an interaction of biological and environmental factors. According to thedevelopmental view, normal development can be described statistically. We observelarge numbers of individuals and look for those characteristics that occur mostfrequently at a specific age. The cultural perspective defines what is normal accordingto the standards established by a given culture. Whereas a developmental approachconsiders only the frequency of behaviors to define differences, a cultural perspectivesuggests that differences can also be explained by examining the values inherent withina culture. What constitutes a significant difference changes over time, from culture toculture, and among the various social classes within a culture. The self-labelingapproach asserts that all people engage in a self-labeling process that may not berecognized by others. Self-imposed labels reflect how we perceive ourselves, althoughthose perceptions may not be consistent with how others see us. The opposite may alsooccur: The culture uses a given label to identify a person, but that label may not beaccepted by that person.REFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.38. Describe the services for people with disabilities through most of the twentieth century.ANSWER:1) People were considered defective and were considered social problems; 2) state lawswere passed that forbid marriage and promoted segregation; 3) services were notavailable to families.REFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.03 - Explain how societal views on people with disabilities changedfrom widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21st century.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.39. What was the role of families in bringing about social change for people with disabilities?ANSWER:They initiated much of the social change through the formation of advocacyorganizations.REFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.03 - Explain how societal views on people with disabilities changedfrom widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21st century.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.Page15

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40. How did the work of nineteenth-century physicians and philosophers contribute to our understanding of people withdisabilities?ANSWER:They emphasized that people should be treated humanely and that even the mostseverely disabled individuals could learn through psychological stimulation.REFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.41. What is a barrier-free facility?ANSWER:A barrier-free facility is a building or structure without architectural obstructions thatallows people with mobility disabilities to move freely through all areas.REFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.42. How should services and supports be designed to ensure that a person with disabilities is able to learn and livesuccessfully in community settings?ANSWER:Ensure that comprehensive services (e.g., employment, housing, educational programs,public transportation, restaurant access, and religious activities) are available to allindividuals with disabilities within or as close as possible to their families andcommunities.REFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.Page16

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43. What must people with disabilities have access to in order to ensure a bright future?ANSWER:Access to these supports creates the opportunity to be included in community life.Successful inclusion requires a two part approach: (1) appropriate support needs to beprovided to help individuals become more independent (education, job skill development,social skills), and (2) the community needs to strive for ways to reduce barriers andincrease inclusion. Access to adequate housing and a barrier-free environment areessential for people with disabilities. Barrier-free facilities are created by requiring thatbuildings and public transportation incorporate barrier-free designs.REFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.44. Labels are used extensively despite the potential negative consequences. Discuss the rationale for labeling people withdisabilities.ANSWER:Many social services and educational programs for exceptional individuals require theuse of labels to distinguish who is eligible for services and who is not. Funding may evenbe contingent on the numbers and types of individuals who are deemed eligible. Labelsassist professionals in communicating effectively with one another and provide acommon ground for evaluating research findings. Labeling helps identify the specificneeds of a limited number of people. Labeling is a means by which we can determinedegrees of needs or priorities for service when limited societal resources are available.REFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.Page17

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45. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is the most sweeping civil rights legislation in the United States since theCivil Rights Act of 1964. Discuss how the law defines eligible persons with a disability, and describe the overallpurpose of the Act.ANSWER:The ADA defines a person with a disability as (1) having a physical or mentalimpairment that substantially limits him or her in some major life activity and (2) havingexperienced discrimination resulting from this physical or mental impairment. Thepurpose of ADA is to provide a national mandate to end discrimination againstindividuals with disabilities in private-sector employment, all public services, and publicaccommodations, transportation, and telecommunications.REFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.46. Jane has been diagnosed with a disturbance in normal functioning. This broad diagnosis would be most accuratelyconsidered aa. disorder.b. disability.c. handicap.d. exceptionality.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.01 - Describe why do we continue to label people even when weknow it may have a negative effect on an individual.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.47. Rosenhan’s investigation demonstrated that the environment in which observations are made will bias the perceptionof what isa. the correct label.b. the correct diagnosis.c. wrong.d. normal.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.02 - Identify three approaches to describe human differences.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.Page18

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48. Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act was the precursor toa. Rehabilitation Act.b. Civil Rights Act of 1964.c. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.d. The Americans with Disabilities Act.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.49. The definition of disability in the Americans with Disabilities Act requires that the persona. have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity.b. must be in need of special education and related services.c. has never been discriminated against in the past.d. All of the answers are correct.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.NOTES:A person with a disability is defined as (1) having a physical or mental impairment thatsubstantially limits him or her in some major life activity and (2) having experienceddiscrimination resulting from this physical or mental impairment.50. According to the medical model, how is “normalcy” defined?a. Absence of disabilitiesb. Absence of physical deformitiesc. Absence of a biological problemd. Absence of mental or physical pathologyANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.Page19

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51. The major provisions of the ADA applya. only to job recruitment and not to job training or advancement.b. only to existing public facilities, such as restaurants, and not to new construction.c. to all new public transit buses, bus and train stations, and rail systems.d. All of the answers are correct.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.04 - Identify the catalyst, effects, and provisions of the Americanswith Disabilities Act.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The major provisions of the ADA require that every new public transit bus must beaccessible. The law applies to all employment-related activities not just recruitment. Italso applies to both new and existing public facilities. The law requires that all state andlocal agencies be accessible to people with disabilities.52. The belief that all people with disabilities are able to learn runs counter to the position ofa. Watson.b. Pinel.c. Itard.d. Locke.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Pinel came down on the side of nature in the nature versus nurture controversy. Hebelieved that while people with disabilities needed to be treated humanely, they wereessentially incurable. Treatment would be fruitless.Page20

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53. Physicians in community practice often need more training in the _____ aspects of disability.a. medicalb. psychologicalc. educationald. All of the answers are correct.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.54. Trephining, the earliest known treatment for mental disorders, involveda. immersing an individual in warm water.b. removing the frontal lobe of the brain.c. drilling holes in the skull to release evil spirits.d. electrical stimulation of three primary neurons in the brain.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.7.0 - Beginning special education professionals collaborate withfamilies and other educators, related services providers, individuals with exceptionalities,and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways to address theneeds of individuals with exceptionalities across a range of learning experiences.NOTES:The earliest known treatment for mental disorders, trephining involved drilling holes in aperson's skull to permit evil spirits to leave.Page21

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55. In 1999, the Supreme Court ruling in L.C. & E.W. v. Olmstead held that it was a violation of ADA to discriminateagainst persons with disabilities by providinga. only community services when people could be served in institutions.b. only institutional services when people could be served through community-based services.c. both institutional and community services.d. None of the answers are correct.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.7.0 - Beginning special education professionals collaborate withfamilies and other educators, related services providers, individuals with exceptionalities,and personnel from community agencies in culturally responsive ways to address theneeds of individuals with exceptionalities across a range of learning experiences.56. A comparison of working and nonworking individuals with disabilities revealed that working individuals werea. less satisfied with life.b. more satisfied with life.c. as satisfied with life as those who were not working.d. None of the answers are correct.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.57. How are barrier-free facilities created?a. By requiring that buildings and public transportation incorporate barrier-free designsb. By boycotting businesses that refuse to implement barrier-free designc. By providing ground-floor bathrooms in all public buildingsd. By providing “handicapped parking” for all public buildingsANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.01.05 - Describe the role of health care, psychology, and socialservices professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.Page22

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1. Education moved from a privilege to a right for children with disabilities as part of what social movement in the UnitedStates?a. Anti-war protestsb. Immigration Actsc. Civil Rights Movementd. Free Speech MovementANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.02 - Identify the principal issues in the right-to-education cases thatled to the eventual passage of the national mandate to educate students with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.2. Education was reaffirmed as a right and not a privilege by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case ofa.Mills v. District of Columbia.b.Brown v. Board of Education.c.PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.d.Wyatt v. Stickney.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.02 - Identify the principal issues in the right-to-education cases thatled to the eventual passage of the national mandate to educate students with disabilities.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Brown v. Topeka Kansas, Board of Education(1954) established that education mustbe made available to everyone on an equal basis. The court declared that “. . . it isdoubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied theopportunity of an education.” Although usually heralded for striking down racialsegregation by acknowledging that separate is not equal, this decision also set aprecedent for the right to inclusive education for students with disabilities.Page1

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3. The zero _____ principle in IDEA requires that public schools provide special education and related services to meetthe individual needs of all students.a. exclusionb. affectc. inclusiond. toleranceANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.NOTES:Referred to as the zero-exclusion principle, IDEA requires that public schools providespecial education and related services to meet the individual needs of all eligiblestudents, regardless of the extent or type of their disability.4. Jamal needs speech and language services in order to benefit from special education. This is an example of a(n)a. adaptive fit.b. IFSP.c. IEP.d. related service.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.NOTES:IDEA also stipulates that students with disabilities receive any related servicesnecessary to ensure that they benefit from their educational experience.5. IDEA is based on the value thata. only some students are able to benefit from education.b. most, but not necessarily all students, are able to benefit from education.c. every student can learn.d. only a few students are able to benefit from education.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.NOTES:IDEA is based on the value that every student can learn.Page2

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6. The Supreme Court declared that an appropriate special education must bea. ideal.b. beneficial.c. the best.d. ideal and the best.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.NOTES:The Supreme Court declared that an appropriate education consists of “speciallydesigned instruction and related services” that are “individually designed” to provide“educational benefit.” Often referred to as the “some educational benefit” standard, theruling mandates that a state need not provide an ideal education, but must provide abeneficial one for students with disabilities.7. Sven is receiving an education consisting of specially designed instruction and related services that are individuallydesigned to provide educational benefit. Sven is receiving a(n)a. TBI.b. LRE.c. FAPE.d. 504 Plan.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.8. IDEA requirements for nondiscriminatory and multidisciplinary assessment testing procedures includea. testing all children in English.b. the use of the IQ test as a primary tool for determining eligibility.c. a team approach to assessment.d. testing all children in English, the use of the IQ test as a primary tool for determining eligibility, and a teamapproach to assessment.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.4.0 - Beginning special education professionals use multiplemethods of assessment and data sources in making educational decisions.NOTES:The law mandates students are to be tested in their native language using multipleassessment tools. Assessment is to be conducted by a multidisciplinary team ofprofessionals using several pieces of information.Page3

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9. The intent of parental safeguards is to ensure that parents are involved in decisions about their child’s education anda. encourage adversarial relationships between parents and professionals.b. protect the student and family from decisions that could negatively impact the child’s education.c. provide schools with more power in decision making than parents.d. encourage adversarial relationships between parents and professionals, protect the student and family fromdecisions that could negatively impact the child’s education , and provide schools with more power in decisionmaking than parents.ANSWER:bREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:The intent of these safeguards is twofold: first, to create an opportunity for parents to bemore involved in decisions regarding their child’s education program; and second, toprotect the student and family from decisions that could adversely affect the child’seducation.10. The purpose of the individualized education program (IEP) is toa. provide an appropriate educational experience for each student.b. promote effective communication between school and parents.c. establish continuity in the delivery of educational services from day to day, as well as annually.d. provide an appropriate educational experience for each student, promote effective communication betweenschool and parents, and establish continuity in the delivery of educational services from day to day, as well asannually.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.NOTES:The purpose of the IEP process is to ensure continuity in the delivery of specialeducation services and supports for each student on a daily and annual basis. The IEP isalso intended to promote more effective communication between school personnel andthe child’s familyPage4

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11. The least restrictive environment isa. the general education classroom for all students.b. a special school if the child is blind.c. individually determined.d. an inclusive setting.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.2.0 - Beginning special education professionals create safe,inclusive, culturally responsive learning environments so that individuals withexceptionalities become active and effective learners and develop emotional well-being,positive social interactions, and self-determination.United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.12. Franco's teacher has noticed that he is often not able to complete one digit addition problems due to difficulty withnumber sequencing. Before making a referral for special education services she decides to try and usea. more punishment.b. an instructional adaptation.c. an instructional modification.d. an instructional adaptation and an instructional adaptation.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.04 - Discuss the special education referral, assessment, planning,and placement process.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.Page5

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13. The process in special education begins witha. assessing student eligibility and need.b. developing the individual education program.c. the determination of the least restrictive environment.d. the initial referral.ANSWER:dREFERENCES:Bloom's: UnderstandingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.03 - Describe special education and related services as they applyto each of the major provisions of the IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.NOTES:The process involves four sequential phases: (1) initiating the referral, (2) assessingstudent eligibility and educational need, (3) developing the individualized educationprogram (IEP), and (4) determining the student’s educational placement in the leastrestrictive environment (LRE).14. The development of an individualized education program (IEP) for an identified child with a disability is made by theIEP team consisting ofa. school personnel.b. the special education teacher and the parent.c. parents, school personnel, the student, and a school district representative.d. None of the answers are correct.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.04 - Discuss the special education referral, assessment, planning,and placement process.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.NOTES:At a minimum, this team consists of the student’s parents, the student (whenappropriate), a special education teacher, a general education teacher (if the student isparticipating in the general education environment), and a representative of the localeducation agency (LEA) (aka school district).Page6

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15. Determination of the student’s educational placement in the least restrictive environment is based ona. cost.b. location.c. preference for the general education classroom.d. the student’s native language.ANSWER:cREFERENCES:Bloom's: ApplyingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.04 - Discuss the special education referral, assessment, planning,and placement process.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.NOTES:IDEA begins with the premise that the general education classroom is where all childrenbelong.16. A principle that characterizes school accountability under the No Child Left Behind Act and IDEA 2004 isa. an emphasis on challenging academic standards for all students.b. exclusion of most students with disabilities from academic standards.c. progress on the goals for the IEP as the way to hold each school accountable for student learning.d. All of the aboveANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.05 - Describe what schools should do to ensure accountability forstudent learning and access to the general curriculumNATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.1.0 - Beginning special education professionals understand howexceptionalities may interact with development and learning and use this knowledge toprovide meaningful and challenging learning experiences for individuals withexceptionalities.NOTES:There are three principles that characterize the standards-based approach in America'sschools: a focus on student achievement as the primary measure of school success; anemphasis on challenging academic standards that specify the knowledge and skillsstudents should acquire and the levels at which they should demonstrate mastery of thatknowledge; and a desire to extend the standards to all students, including those forwhom expectations have been traditionally low.Page7

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17. To ensure that all students, including students with disabilities, succeed in school, students must havea. highly qualified and effective teachers.b. an IEP.c. exemptions from mandated assessments.d. creative curriculum.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: RememberingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.06 - Distinguish between students with disabilities who are eligiblefor services under Section 504/ADA and those eligible under IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.United States - CEC.6.0 - Beginning special education professionals use foundationalknowledge of the field and their professional Ethical Principles and Practice Standardsto inform special education practice, to engage in lifelong learning, and to advance theirprofession.NOTES:Students with disabilities must be assured access to (1) “highly qualified and effective”teachers who are knowledgeable in the subject matter area(s) being taught; (2) acurriculum upon which the standards are based; (3) assessments that measureperformance on the standards; and (4) inclusion in the reported results that determinehow well a school is meeting the established performance criteria.18. IDEA addresses the need for special education and related services for students with disabilities. Section 504 and theAmericans with Disabilities Act address the issues ofa. nondiscrimination and equal opportunity for students with disabilities.b. language needs for students who native language is not English.c. parental rights to be included in their child’s education.d. societal views on disability.ANSWER:aREFERENCES:Bloom's: AnalyzingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:HESC.HARD.17.02.06 - Distinguish between students with disabilities who are eligiblefor services under Section 504/ADA and those eligible under IDEA.NATIONAL STANDARDS:United States - CEC.5.0 - Beginning special education professionals select, adapt, anduse a repertoire of evidence-based instructional strategies to advance learning ofindividuals with exceptionalities.NOTES:Section 504 and ADA address issues of nondiscrimination and equal opportunity forstudents with disabilities.Page8

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