Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges 8th Edition Test Bank

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Professional Nursing: Concepts &
Challenges, 8e
Chapter 1: Nursing Today: A Time of Transformation
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following could eventually change the historical status of nursing as a
female-dominated profession?
a. More men graduating from baccalaureate and higher degree programs
b. The proportion of men in nursing beginning to increase
c. More male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the workplace
d. Salary compensation increasing to attract more men
ANS: C
Feedback
A More men graduating from baccalaureate and higher degree programs
is not the best answer because associate degree programs produce the
most new graduates.
B The percentage of men in nursing has increased 50% since 2000.
C The more men who enter the workplace as nurses, the less nursing will
be seen as a female-dominated profession.
D Salary rates do not appear to relate to the recruitment of men into
nursing.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 2
2. The racial and ethnic composition of the nursing profession will change to more
accurately reflect the population as a whole when
a. the increased numbers of racial and ethnic minorities enrolled in
educational programs graduate and begin to practice.
b. the number of Asians or Native Hawaiian-Pacific Islanders begins to
increase.
c. the percentage of African-American and Hispanic nurses decreases
more than the percentage of white nurses.
d. the nonwhite portion of the general population decreases.
ANS: A
Feedback
A A larger percentage of minorities are enrolled in nursing educational
programs than previously.
B Asians and Native Hawaiian-Pacific Islanders are over represented in
nursing compared to their percentage of the general population.
C Not only would the percentage of African-American and Hispanic
nurses need to increase, the percentage of white nurses would have to
decrease in order to more accurately reflect the population as a whole.
D The nonwhite portion of the general population is not likely to
decrease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 3
3. Which of the following is a correct statement about the registered nurse (RN)
population?
a. The racial/ethnic composition of RNs closely resembles that of the
general population.

b. The number of men entering nursing has decreased steadily over the
last decade.
c. The rate of aging of RNs has slowed for the first time in the past 30
years.
d. The majority of employed RNs working full time must work a second
position.
ANS: C
Feedback
A The racial/ethnic composition of RNs is increasing, but does not
approximate their percentage of the overall population.
B The number of men entering nursing is increasing.
C The average age of RNs in both 2004 and 2008 was 46. This is a result
of the numbers of RNs under 30 in the workforce.
D According to 2008 data, only 12% of nurses working full time hold
second positions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 3
4. Which of the following best describes trends in nursing education?
a. Numbers of RNs with bachelors and higher degrees are increasing.
b. Numbers of RNs with associate degrees are decreasing.
c. Foreign-born nurses practicing in the United States are seen as less
knowledgeable because of their lesser educational preparation.
d. Numbers of RNs with diploma educations are increasing.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Slightly over 50% of RNs eventually obtain their bachelors of science

in nursing (BSN) or a higher nursing degree.
B The majority of nurses in this country get their initial nursing education
in associate degree in nursing (ADN) programs.
C Foreign-born nurses practicing in the United States may be viewed as
less knowledgeable by their peers because of language and cultural
differences.
D The numbers of diploma-educated nurses are declining.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 4
5. Despite the variety of work settings available to the RN, data from 2008 indicate
that the primary work site for RNs is
a. ambulatory care settings.
b. community health settings.
c. long-term care facilities.
d. acute care hospitals.
ANS: D
Feedback
A Ambulatory care settings account for about 10.5% of RNs places of
employment.
B Public health and community health settings account for 7.8% of
employed RNs.
C Long-term care facilities account for 5.3% of RNs places of
employment.
D Statistics show that 62.2% of RNs work in acute care hospitals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5

6. One important advantage of clinical ladder programs for hospital-based RNs is that
they
a. allow career advancement for nurses who choose to remain at the
bedside.
b. encourage nurses to move into management positions in which they can
influence patient care on a broader scale.
c. encourage RNs to become politically active and guide the profession of
nursing.
d. provide training to staff nurses so they can move seamlessly across
departments.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Clinical ladder programs allow nurses to advance professionally while
remaining at the bedside.
B Clinical ladder programs are designed to keep proficient nurses at the
bedside.
C Encouraging RNs to become politically active and guide the profession
of nursing is not the goal of clinical ladder programs.
D Clinical ladder programs are not designed to facilitate transfer between
departments.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 7
7. Which of the following statements is correct about community health nursing
(CHN)?
a. Prevention and community education are the cornerstones of CHN.
b. Nursing care is rapidly moving from the home setting to the
institutional setting.

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c. High-tech care such as ventilators and total parenteral nutrition cannot
be handled in the home.
d. Assessment skills are less important in CHN because patients are not
acutely ill.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The community health nurse provides educational programs in health
maintenance, disease prevention, nutrition, and child care.
B Care is moving into the home setting.
C Home care is increasing in complexity.
D Community health nurses must have excellent assessment skills as they
do not have the immediate backup that an acute care facility offers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 9
8. Which of the following is most essential for the nurse entrepreneur to be
successful?
a. Ability to take direction well
b. Excellent time-management skills
c. Avoidance of risks
d. A college degree in business
ANS: B
Feedback
A Nurse entrepreneurs must function autonomously.
B Nurse entrepreneurs must be well organized and efficient.
C Starting a business involves risk.

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D A degree in business is not required to be a nurse entrepreneur.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 10
9. The major benefit of serving as a military nurse is
a. broader responsibilities and scope of practice than civilian nurses.
b. working with entirely baccalaureate-prepared peers on active duty.
c. serving as an officer on active duty or in the reserves.
d. the financial support to seek advanced degrees
ANS: D
Feedback
A Although military nurses do have broader responsibilities and scopes of
practice than civilian nurses do, this is not the major benefit.
B Although military nurses do work with entirely baccalaureate-prepared
peers on active duty, this is not the major benefit.
C Although military nurses serve as officers on active duty or in the
reserves, this is not the major benefit.
D Advanced education is supported by the military financially and also
allows for promotion in rank at an accelerated pace.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 13
10. Which of the following statements explains why the school nurse of today is truly
a community health nurse?
a. The school nurse may be called on to care for a students family
members in underserved areas.
b. The school nurses primary responsibility is centered on the well child.
c. The school nurses primary responsibility is to maintain immunization

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records.
d. The school nurse must be certified in CHN.
ANS: A
Feedback
A In medically underserved areas a school nurse may be called on to care
for members of a childs immediate family.
B Chronically ill, disabled, and physically challenged students are in
regular classrooms.
C School nurses detect developmental problems; counsel and educate
children, parents, and teachers; and maintain immunization records.
D Although school nurses are considered community health nurses,
certification in community health is not required.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 13
11. What has been found about the outcomes of patients cared for in hospitals with a
higher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses as compared to patients in hospitals with a
lower percentage of BSN-prepared nurses?
a. Patient outcomes are more dependent on nurse-patient ratios.
b. Outcomes were better in hospitals with more BSN-prepared nurses.
c. Outcomes were similar in both types of hospitals.
d. Medical patients had better outcomes, but surgical patients fared the
same.
ANS: B
Feedback
A Nurse-patient ratio is an important determinant of patient care
outcomes but has not been shown to be more or less important that the

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percentage of BSN-prepared nurses providing direct patient care.
B Research by Aiken, et al, (2003) showed that patient outcomes were
better in hospitals where higher percentages of BSN-prepared nurses
were employed.
C Research by Aiken, et al, (2003) showed that patient outcomes were
better in hospitals where higher percentages of BSN-prepared nurses
were employed.
D Aiken, et al (2003) studied orthopedic, general surgical, and vascular
surgery patients and found the outcomes were improved for these
patients in hospitals with a higher percentage of BSN-prepared nurses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7
12. Faith community nursing (FCN) was founded on which of the following premises?
a. Nurses faith beliefs do not play a part in healing.
b. The spiritual aspect takes precedence over the physical body in healing.
c. Spiritual health is central to a persons well-being.
d. Faith community nurses must receive formal training as a minister or
clergy.
ANS: C
Feedback
A The nurses spiritual journey is believed to be an essential aspect of this
nursing role.
B Patients are treated holistically under FCN.
C FCN is based on the belief that spiritual health is central to well-being.
D Faith community nurses do not need to have formal training as a
ministers.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 16

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13. One important advantage of the evolution of nursing informatics is that
a. it allows any RN to become a certified informatics nurse.
b. informatics nurses are best able to design systems with the needs and
skills of nurses who use them.
c. informatics nurses will reduce the need for direct caregivers to
document care.
d. benefits of informatics advancements include improved patient safety
and increased variability of care.
ANS: B
Feedback
A Although all nurses may use informatics, a nurse specializing in
informatics should have a BSN and additional knowledge and
experience in the field of informatics.
B Informatics nurses understand how the information needs to be used
and how to make the systems work for the nurses.
C Direct caregivers will still need to document the care provided.
D Benefits do include improved patient safety, but decreased variability
of care is expected with informatics systems.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 17
14. Which of the following nursing roles is not considered an advanced practice role?
a. Certified nurse-midwife (CNM)
b. Community health nurse
c. Certified nurse practitioner (CNP)
d. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS)
ANS: B

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Feedback
A A CNM is an advanced practice role.
B The community health nurse is not an advanced practice role.
C CNP is an advanced practice role.
D CNS is an advanced practice role.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 17
15. NPs are advanced practice nurses who
a. are required to have physician collaboration or supervision.
b. function under a set of universal advanced practitioner laws.
c. cannot receive direct reimbursement for their services.
d. can diagnose and treat common and chronic conditions.
ANS: D
Feedback
A The laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state,
including the degree of supervision required and how they may be
reimbursed for their services.
B The laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state,
including the degree of supervision required and how they may be
reimbursed for their services.
C The laws governing the practice of NPs vary from state to state,
including the degree of supervision required and how they may be
reimbursed for their services.
D NPs are prepared to handle a wide range of basic health problems.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 18

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16. The clinical nurse leader (CNL) is a recently proposed role. The responsibilities of
the person in this role include which of the following?
a. Oversee and manage care delivery in specific settings.
b. Manage and streamline operations in multiple nursing units.
c. Replace the outdated CNS role.
d. Provide daily care to a specific subset of patients with similar needs.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The CNL role is intended to provide the highest quality of nursing care
by having masters-prepared nurses involved in the care of a distinct
group of patients.
B The CNL role was not intended as a managerial or administrative role.
C The CNS role is not outdated, and some controversy exists because
some CNSs view this new role as possibly disenfranchising them.
D CNLs may on occasion provide direct patient care, but not on a daily
basis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 20
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Hospice and palliative care nursing is a rapidly developing specialty in nursing.
Which facts have contributed to this growth? (Select all that apply.)
a. End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses.
b. End-of-life needs are expected to increase with the aging population.
c. Nursing curricula have prepared nurses to deal effectively with dying
patients and their families.
d. Palliative care is a new focus of advanced practice nurses.

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e. Hospice and palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings.
ANS: A, B, E
Feedback
Correct End-of-life care is largely the responsibility of nurses is correct
because palliative care reflects the holistic philosophy of
nursing, and comfort and relief have always been nursing
responsibilities. End-of-life needs are expected to increase with
the aging population is correct because as the population ages
there will be a greater demand for end-of-life care as the
number of individuals needing care increases. Hospice and
palliative care nurses work in a variety of settings is correct
because palliative care takes place in hospitals, homes,
hospices, skilled nursing homes, etc.
Incorrec
t
Nursing curricula have prepared nurses to deal effectively with
dying patients and their families is incorrect because nursing
educational programs have not prepared nurses well as the
content related to end-of-life issues and palliative care has been
limited. Palliative care is a new focus of advanced practice
nurses is incorrect because palliative care has been a focus of
many nurses, not just advanced practice nurses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: pp. 14-15
2. CNSs may (Select all that apply.)
a. manage an inpatient nursing unit.
b. develop educational programs for nursing staff.
c. conduct practice outcomes research.
d. prescribe medications for common illnesses.
e. attend or assist in the delivery of low-risk newborns.
ANS: A, B, C

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Feedback
Correct CNSs are prepared with an advanced nursing degree and the
skills to function in a variety of settings and functional roles.
Incorrec
t
CNSs do not have prescribing authority. CNMs attend or assist
at the delivery of low-risk newborns.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 19
Chapter 2: The History and Social Context of Nursing
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which early nursing leader founded the first training school for nurses that would
later become a model for early nursing education?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Clara Barton
d. Mary Ann Bickerdyke
ANS: B
Feedback
A Dorothea Dix is best known as an advocate for the mentally ill, and she
created a brief training program at two New York hospitals for women
who wished to serve as nurses in the Civil War.
B Florence Nightingale founded the first training school for nurses at St.
Thomass Hospital in London in 1806. This became the model for
nursing education in the United States.

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C Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross.
D Mary Ann Bickerdyke is best known for nursing services during the
Civil War.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 25
2. Who was the first educated African-American professional nurse?
a. Linda Richards
b. Phoebe Pember
c. Sojourner Truth
d. Mary Eliza Mahoney
ANS: D
Feedback
A Linda Richards was the first trained nurse in the United States.
B Phoebe Pember was one of the first women placed in charge of a
hospital.
C Sojourner Truth was a famous abolitionist who served as a nurse for
the Union forces in the Civil War.
D Mary Eliza Mahoney was the first African-American professional
nurse; she was educated at the New England Hospital for Women and
Children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 27
3. To which early nursing leader is attributed the founding of the American Red
Cross?
a. Clara Barton
b. Dorothea Dix

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c. Florence Nightingale
d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock
ANS: A
Feedback
A Founding the American Red Cross is attributed to Clara Barton.
B Dorothea Dix was superintendent of women nurses of the Union Army.
C Florence Nightingale was an English pioneer in nursing.
D Lavinia Lloyd Dock was influential in forming the National League for
Nursing (NLN).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 26
4. What were some of the application requirements of nursing education programs in
the 1900s?
a. Male, intelligent, strong
b. Female, sensitive, subservient
c. Female, docile, from poor background
d. Male, high breeding, independent
ANS: B
Feedback
A Men were not thought to be sensitive enough for nursing.
B Sensitivity, breeding, intelligence, ladylike behavior, and submission to
authority were highly desired personal traits for nursing students.
C High breeding was desirable for nursing education program applicants.
D Men were not desired nursing education program applicants.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 27
5. Which of the following statements best describes how the Chicago Worlds Fair of
1893 became a pivotal point in the history of nursing education in the United States?
a. Florence Nightingales work on sanitation and its relationship to
mortality rates was finally recognized.
b. The organization today known as the NLN was formed to address
issues in nursing education.
c. The American Nurses Association (ANA) was formed to oversee
nursing education in the United States.
d. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) was formed to enhance
collaboration between practicing nurses and educators.
ANS: B
Feedback
A Florence Nightingales paper was on scientific training of nurses.
B Several influential nursing leaders met at the Chicago Worlds Fair and
started the National League for Nursing Educationthe precursor to the
NLN.
C The NLN, not the ANA, was formed to oversee nursing education in
the United States.
D The ICN was not founded until 1899 and is not involved in U.S.
education of nurses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 28
6. Which early nursing organization is credited with first recommending state
registration for nurses?
a. ICN
b. NLN

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c. ANA
d. National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses
ANS: A
Feedback
A The ICN was formed to unite all nursing organizations. The topic of the
first meeting was registration for nurses by each country and state.
B The NLN was formed to oversee nursing education in the United
States.
C The ANA was formed to enhance collaboration between practicing
nurses and educators.
D The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses was formed to
develop leadership among African-American nurses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 28
7. Which of the following nursing leaders, because of her work in the Henry Street
Settlement, is considered the founder of public health nursing?
a. Margaret Sanger
b. Clara Barton
c. Lillian Wald
d. Lavinia Lloyd Dock
ANS: C
Feedback
A Margaret Sanger is known for her work on birth control with immigrant
women from the Lower East Side of New York City.
B Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.

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C Lillian Wald founded the Henry Street Settlement, the first formalized
public health nursing project.
D Lavinia Lloyd Dock was instrumental in the formation of the NLN.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 28
8. Despite the caring efforts of early public health nurses in the Henry Street
Settlement, racial disparity left many people underserved. Which of the following
African-American public health nurses was instrumental in providing excellent
nursing care to underserved families despite these social challenges?
a. Jessie Sleet Scales
b. Margaret Sanger
c. Lavinia Lloyd Dock
d. Anita M. McGee
ANS: A
Feedback
A Jessie Sleet Scales established the Stillman House, a part of the Henry
Street Settlement that provided care to African Americans.
B Margaret Sanger worked to provide immigrant women on the Lower
East Side of New York City with birth control information.
C Lavinia Lloyd Dock founded the NLN.
D Anita M. McGee was a physician appointed as head of the Hospital
Corps, who recruited nurses for the Spanish-American War of 1898.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 29
9. Which one of the following events occurring during the first decade of the twentieth
century brought sweeping changes to nursing?

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a. It was required that all practicing nurses be licensed.
b. Permissive licensing laws allowed registered nurses (RNs) to practice
without a license if they registered with the state.
c. All states required a standardized licensing examination.
d. Nurses had to pass a licensing examination to use the title RN.
ANS: D
Feedback
A Practicing nurses did not have to be licensed but could not use the title.
B Permissive licensing laws required all nurses using the title RN to be
licensed.
C Licensing examinations were not standardized until 1950.
D Licensure laws were passed that required all people using the title of
RN to be licensed.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 30
10. What was the most significant impact on the profession of nursing made by Mary
Breckenridge in her role as a frontier nurse?
a. She demonstrated that nurses could provide primary care in rural
settings.
b. She demonstrated that female nurses could protect themselves in
unsettled rural environments.
c. She demonstrated that nurses were capable of teaching new mothers to
care for babies.
d. She demonstrated that nurses could provide care to many clients despite
geographic boundaries.
ANS: A

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Feedback
A Mary Breckenridge established frontier nursing services. She provided
primary care to women and babies and demonstrated that nurses could
provide primary care.
B Safety was not the primary impact of the success of frontier nursing.
C Although she was a nurse-midwife, this was not the most significant
impact.
D Demonstrating that nurses could provide care to many clients despite
geographic boundaries was not the most significant impact made by
Mary Breckenridge.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 32
11. Which of the following trends in health care delivery that began in the second half
of the twentieth century continues today?
a. Widespread use of team nursing to address the nursing shortage
b. Massive movement of nurses out of acute care and into home care
c. Advent of primary care to replace specialized care
d. Provision of care to the poor, elderly, and disabled through Medicare
and Medicaid
ANS: D
Feedback
A Team nursing is rarely used today.
B More nurses work in acute care today than in home care.
C After World War II, specialization became popular.
D Two amendments to the Social Security Act in 1965 designed to ensure
access to health care for elderly, poor, and disabled Americans were the
establishment of Medicare and Medicaid.

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DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 34
12. A recent trend in nursing has been an increase in the number of men and women
with degrees in other fields or other careers applying to nursing programs. What is the
single most important reason for this trend?
a. Nursing as a career has gained increased status and prestige.
b. Nursing salaries have outpaced many other fields.
c. A nursing career provides both job security and meaningful
employment.
d. Working conditions in nursing have improved.
ANS: C
Feedback
A While true, nursings increased status and prestige is not a significant
factor in the trend of people choosing it as a second career.
B Salary is not a major factor.
C The current appeal to men and women with degrees in other fields is
that nursing can provide job opportunities, economic security, and the
opportunity to help others.
D Working conditions are not identified as a reason for choosing a second
career in nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 39
13. What specialty of nursing was considered well suited for men at a time when other
areas were excluding men from practicing?
a. Obstetric nursing
b. Pediatric nursing
c. Psychiatric nursing

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d. Nurse educator
ANS: C
Feedback
A Obstetric nursing was not considered an appropriate area for men in
nursing.
B Pediatric nursing was not considered an appropriate area for men in
nursing.
C Psychiatric nursing was considered well suited for men because it
required physical stamina and strength.
D Education was not a specialty considered well suited for men in
nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 37
14. When surveyed, what is the primary reason given by men for entering nursing?
a. To make a difference
b. High salaries
c. Flexible schedules
d. Opportunity for travel
ANS: A
Feedback
A Men who want to make a difference in peoples lives find nursing an
appealing career choice
B Economic and job security are important factors for men entering
nursing, but more significant is the opportunity to make a difference in
peoples lives.
C Flexible schedules, where provided, are an attractive incentive for

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employment, but that is not as significant as being able to make a
difference in peoples lives.
D Opportunity for travel is available for travel and military nurses,
otherwise it is not an important aspect of nursing as a career.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 38
15. What was the purpose of the Hill-Burton Act?
a. It established funding for the construction of hospitals.
b. It provided women in the service with military rank.
c. It established and funded the Frontier Nursing Service.
d. It created the Cadet Nurse Corps.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The 1946 Hill-Burton Act provided funding for the construction of
hospitals.
B Congress passed a bill in 1920 that allowed women to hold military
rank.
C The Frontier Nursing Service, originally known as the Kentucky
Committee for Mothers and Babies, was established by Mary
Breckinridge.
D The Cadet Nurse Corps was an alliance between military and collegiate
nursing programs to train nurses and was funded by Congress.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 33
16. When surveyed, which profession was chosen by the general public as highest in
honesty and ethics?
a. Physician

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b. Pharmacist
c. Nurse
d. Attorney
ANS: C
Feedback
A Physicians were not ranked over nurses.
B Pharmacists were not ranked over nurses.
C Gallup polls from 1999 to 2010 rated nursing as the top profession in
honesty and ethics.
D Attorneys were not ranked over nurses in honesty and ethics.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 40
17. In 2002 which major American corporation partnered with nursing to design a
media campaign to promote the image of nursing?
a. Johnson & Johnson
b. Baxter
c. Microsoft
d. Wal-Mart
ANS: A
Feedback
A In 2003 Johnson & Johnson began a $20 million campaignCampaign
for Nursings Futureto enhance the image of nursing, to recruit new
nurses and educators, and to retain nurses.
B Baxter did not launch a media campaign to promote the image of
nursing.

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C Microsoft did not launch a media campaign to promote the image of
nursing.
D Wal-Mart did not launch a media campaign to promote the image of
nursing.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 40
18. A shift in population growth is expected to place stress on nursing resources.
Which age-group is expected to experience the greatest population growth in the next
decade?
a. Older than 85 years of age
b. 75 to 85 years of age
c. 35 to 65 years of age
d. 18 to 35 years of age
ANS: A
Feedback
A People older than 85 years, known as the very old, represent the fastest-
growing segment of the total population.
B Although the 75 to 85 age-group is growing, it is not the fastest-
growing segment of the population.
C The group of individuals 35 to 65 years of age is not expected to grow
as dramatically as is the group termed very old.
D The 18 to 35 age-group is not expected to be the fastest-growing
segment of the population in the next decade.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 42
19. In which practice area was the first clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role developed?

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a. Mother-baby
b. Psychiatric nursing
c. Intensive care nursing
d. Emergency nursing
ANS: B
Feedback
A The first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.
B The first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.
C The first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.
D The first CNS role was developed in psychiatric nursing in the 1960s.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 34
20. Which of the following was an unsuccessful attempt by the American Medical
Association (AMA) to alleviate the nursing shortage of the time?
a. Creation of the nurse manager position
b. Creation of the registered care technician
c. Recruitment of RNs from English-speaking countries
d. Redistribution of qualified nurses to certain geographic locations
ANS: B
Feedback
A The nurse manager position was not created by the AMA.
B In response to the nursing shortage in the late 1980s, the AMA
proposed a nurse extender called the registered care technician.

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C The recruitment of foreign nurses was not a proposal of the AMA.
D Travel nursing was not a proposal of the AMA.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 47
21. The first trained nurse in the United States graduated in 1873 and later became the
supervisor of the Boston Training School. Who was this nurse?
a. Mary Ann Bickerdyke
b. Dorothea Dix
c. Linda Richards
d. Sallie Thompkins
ANS: C
Feedback
A Mary Ann Bickerdyke was an uneducated widow who organized the
camp hospital in Cairo, Illinois, during the Civil War.
B Dorothea Dix, a well-known advocate for the mentally ill, was
instrumental in creating a month-long training program in two New
York hospitals to train women wishing to serve in the Civil War.
C In 1872 Linda Richards became the first student to enroll in the
inaugural class of five students in the first American nurses training
school run by Dr. Susan Dimock. She graduated 1 year later.
D Sallie Thompkins established a hospital in Richmond, Virginia, and
was commissioned a captain of Cavalry, unassigned by Confederate
President Jefferson Davis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 26
22. During the Great Depression, staffing of hospitals changed with an impact lasting
to the current day. What was this change?

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a. The employment of graduate nurses in hospitals
b. The need for increased private duty nurses and rural health nurses
decreased the number of nurses seeking employment in hospitals
c. The opening of more schools of nursing in hospitals
d. The increased number of collegiate schools of nursing, which allowed
hospitals to increase the educational requirements for the staff
ANS: A
Feedback
A Hospitals were forced to close their schools of nursing; families were
no longer able to afford private duty nurses in their homes; and
hospitals hired the unemployed graduate nurses to care for the
increased numbers of patients seeking care in hospitals.
B Although there was a need for nurses in rural areas supported by the
Civil Works Administration, the number of private duty nurses
decreased due to the inability of families to afford them.
C For economical reasons, hospitals could not afford to fund schools of
nursing.
D Although the number of collegiate schools increased, most nurses in
hospitals were prepared in diploma programs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 32
23. What was the most important influence of war on nursing?
a. It allowed for the development of hospitals.
b. Nurses were able to perform medical procedures during war.
c. Improved medical care increased soldiers survival rates.
d. It provided for the creation of new technology to make work easier.
ANS: B

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Feedback
A Wars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.
Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to
needs during wartime.
B Wars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.
Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to
needs during wartime.
C Wars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.
Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to
needs during wartime.
D Wars allowed nurses to stretch the boundaries of their profession.
Nurses have led the way in furthering their discipline by responding to
needs during wartime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 34
24. Florence Nightingale is often credited as being the first nurse researcher. This
designation is based on
a. her methods of reorganizing British hospitals.
b. her use of data on the morbidity and mortality of soldiers in hospitals in
Scutari.
c. demonstration that trained nurses provided better nursing care.
d. publication of Notes on Nursing, the first scholarly nursing publication.
ANS: B
Feedback
A Although Nightingale reformed both the British Army and British
civilian hospitals on the basis of data she collected, the reformations
were not researched.
B Nightingale was educated in statistics and used the detailed data
collected to effectively argue the case for the reform of the British

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Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges 8th Edition Test Bank

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