Test Bank for International Business, 15th Edition

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International Business: Environments and Operations, 16e (Daniels et al.)
Chapter 1 Globalization and International Business
1) The widening set of interdependent relationships among people from different parts of the
world is known as ________.
A) globalization
B) offshoring
C) franchising
D) outsourcing
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Reflective thinking
2) Which of the following best defines international business?
A) It includes all economic flows between two or more countries.
B) It includes all private economic flows between two or more countries.
C) It includes all business transactions involving two or more countries.
D) It includes all business transactions in countries other than your home country.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Reflective thinking
3) In terms of international business, it is most accurate to say that ________.
A) there is a universal "best way" to conduct business
B) global competition affects large companies but not small ones
C) most firms depend either on foreign markets and supplies or compete against companies that
do
D) government regulation of international business has little effect on a company's profits
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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4) Devon, an accounts manager at a large electronics firm, does not have any direct international
responsibilities; however, Devon would most likely benefit from studying international business
issues so that he can ________.
A) conduct better job interviews
B) better understand how foreign operations affect the company's competitive position
C) supervise and evaluate subordinates who have global assignments
D) understand the legalities of importing and exporting products overseas
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Application of knowledge
5) Which of the following is an indication of the increased globalization of business since the
end of World War II?
A) Foreign trade has largely replaced foreign ownership as a means of conducting international
business.
B) World trade has grown more rapidly than world production.
C) Globally, consumers now depend on foreign output for more than half their consumption.
D) Countries have increased their import restrictions to counter the rising tide of imports.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Reflective thinking
6) According to the A.T. Kearny/Foreign Policy Globalization Index, countries ________.
A) tend to be ranked similarly on all four dimensions
B) are more globalized on the political dimension than on personal contact
C) that are large in land mass and population are less globalized than small countries
D) sometimes rank high on one dimension and low on another
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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7) Globalization refers to all economic transactions among countries.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Reflective thinking
8) International business includes all commercial transactions between two or more countries.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Reflective thinking
9) It is difficult to compare globalization of business over time because shifting national borders
have changed the nature of transactions from domestic to international and vice versa.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Application of knowledge
10) Most countries' imports account for more than half of their citizens' consumption.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Application of knowledge
11) Gaining some understanding of international business is important for any business student
because global events and competition affect almost all companies.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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12) What is international business? What are the primary reasons that companies engage in
international business?
Answer: International business is all commercial transactions—private and governmental—
between two or more countries. Private businesses undertake such transactions for profit;
governments may or may not do the same in their transactions. These transactions include sales,
investments, and transportation.
Firms engage in international business for three main reasons.
1. To expand sales—The number of people and the amount of their purchasing power are
higher for the world as a whole than for a single country, so companies may increase their sales
by reaching international markets.
2. To acquire resources—Manufacturers and distributors seek out products, services, and
components produced in foreign countries.
3. To minimize competitive risk—Many companies enter into international business for
defensive reasons. They want to counter advantages competitors might gain in foreign markets
that, in turn, could hurt them domestically.
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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13) What is globalization? What modes of international business are used by firms that want to
globalize? Briefly describe each method.
Answer: Globalization refers to the widening set of interdependent relationships among people
from different parts of a world that happens to be divided into nations. The term can also refer to
the integration of world economies through the elimination of barriers to movements of goods,
services, capital, technology, and people. Firms have many options available when they want to
globalize their operations including licensing, franchising, turnkey operations, management
contracts, and direct/portfolio investment.
a. Licensing and franchising—Licensing agreements are used when companies allow others to
use their assets, such as trademarks, patents, copyrights, or expertise under contract. Franchising
is a mode of business in which one party allows another party the use of a trademark that is an
essential asset for the franchisee's business.
b. Turnkey operations—Refers to business operations, performed under contract, that are
transferred to the owner when they are ready to begin operating.
c. Management contract—Refers to arrangements in which one company provides personnel to
perform general or specialized management functions for another company.
d. Direct and portfolio investment—A direct investment is one that gives the investor a
controlling interest in a foreign company. A portfolio investment is a noncontrolling interest in a
company or ownership of a loan to another party.
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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14) Why should domestic managers have an understanding of globalization and international
business? What are the current views regarding the future of globalization?
Answer: International business comprises a large and growing portion of the world's total
business. Global events affect almost all companies. A company operating internationally will
engage in modes of business, such as exporting and importing, that differ from those it is
accustomed to domestically. To operate effectively, managers must understand these different
modes.
The three main views of the future of globalization are as follows: further globalization is
inevitable, or international business will grow regionally rather than globally, or forces working
against globalization will slow both trends. The view that increased growth in international
business is inevitable is supported by the power of MNEs who have multiple production and
distribution networks and are able to pressure governments to place fewer restrictions on
international business. The view that growth will occur regionally rather than globally is based
on studies that show that most "global" transactions actually occur between neighboring
countries. Finally, the view that globalization will be slowed by pressure from the
antiglobalization movement to raise barriers and reject international treaties and organizations
stems from the success of such groups in the past.
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 1-1 Relate globalization and international business (IB) to each other and explain
why their study is important
AACSB: Application of knowledge
15) The shifting of national borders has most likely created which of the following situations for
international business?
A) It has left rural residents more isolated from technology.
B) It has complicated the understanding of behavioral factors affecting business.
C) It has increased physical barriers to exporting.
D) It has slowed communications between a company's headquarters and foreign operations.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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16) Most of the world's goods and services are sold ________.
A) in international markets
B) in the countries where they are produced
C) through exports to small countries
D) through exports to large countries
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking
17) Which of the following has NOT been a major force increasing globalization in recent
decades?
A) liberalization of cross-border trade
B) increase in and expansion of technology
C) growing pressure from consumers
D) decreasing prices of natural resources
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking
18) Which of the following has MOST influenced consumers to demand access to foreign-made
products?
A) Declining global affluence has caused consumers to seek out lower-priced products from
abroad.
B) Consumers have become more efficient in using media and technologies to compare prices
worldwide.
C) Fearing that their governments will enact restrictive policies on imports, consumers are
stocking up on foreign products before restrictions are put in place.
D) Expectations of rising prices of foreign products have caused consumers to seek foreign
products before their prices become prohibitive.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Information technology

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19) Which of the following best explains why international business has grown rapidly in the
past few decades?
A) the end of the political division between the Communist and non-Communist blocs
B) greater income equality in most countries
C) growing concern about climate change
D) increased concerns about terrorism
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking
20) Advanced communication systems have contributed to growth in international business by
________.
A) enabling better oversight of global operations
B) reducing the effects of global competition
C) decreasing the cost of cargo transportation
D) reducing export regulations
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Information technology
21) Imported flowers are now a stronger competitor to U.S. grown flowers in the U.S. market.
Which of the following is likely the MOST important factor for this increase in imports?
A) more effective production techniques
B) advances in communication systems
C) advances in transportation and logistics
D) cross-national cooperation
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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22) Because consumers want a greater variety of goods and services at lower prices, many
governments have ________.
A) reduced their restrictions on the international movement of goods and services
B) acted to tax most imports at a lower rate than domestic products
C) sought to eliminate reciprocal advantages negotiated through international organizations and
treaties
D) increased their participation in multinational problem-solving efforts
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
23) Which of the following best explains recent governmental relaxation of restrictions on cross-
border trade and resource movements?
A) Most countries face shortages of workers, so they seek immigrants who can help them
produce more.
B) Governments believe that this will decrease the need to make their own companies more
innovative.
C) Consumers increasingly want to buy goods and services produced in their own countries,
making restrictions less necessary.
D) Governments believe that domestic producers will become more efficient as a result of
foreign competition.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking
24) A company starting out with a global focus, usually because of the international experience
of its founders, is called a ________.
A) multinational enterprise
B) transnational company
C) strategically allied company
D) born-global company
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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25) Assume an enterprise is considering establishment of a foreign production facility. Which of
the following best supports this decision?
A) Its foreign competitors have higher production costs than it has.
B) Its main competitor successfully opened a foreign plant.
C) Its suppliers follow an agglomeration strategy.
D) None of its competitors have foreign production facilities.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Critical Thinking
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking
26) When a company successfully responds to foreign production and market opportunities,
________.
A) other companies will likely emulate its successful practices
B) it likely has a long-term advantage over competitors
C) it will downsize its domestic operations
D) its home government likely raises taxes on the company
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
27) Which of the following is NOT one of the three main reasons affecting international business
for governments to cooperate with each other?
A) to attack problems jointly that one country acting alone cannot solve
B) to deal with issues that lie outside the territory of any nation
C) to gain reciprocal advantages
D) to establish a common language
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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28) Governments have signed treaties to protect foreign-owned property rights, such as
investments and patents. A primary reason for doing so is to ________.
A) gain reciprocal advantages
B) reduce the domestic effects of other countries' economic policies
C) deal with areas of concern outside the territory of any one country
D) reduce national conflicts leading to violent political demonstrations
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking
29) What is the most likely reason that governments cooperate with each other through treaties,
agreements, and consultations?
A) to gain an advantageous division of labor
B) to be in compliance with United Nations' requirements
C) to attack problems jointly that one country acting alone cannot solve
D) to assure that all countries get an equitable share of taxes from multinational enterprises
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking
30) All of the following are areas in which commercial activities take place outside the territory
of any nation EXCEPT ________.
A) noncoastal areas of the oceans
B) the Panama and Suez Canals
C) outer space
D) Antarctica
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
31) Globalization of business has been stimulated by institutional developments that aid foreign
trade and investment.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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32) The recent expansion of technology has contributed to the growth in international business
by creating new products that are important in world trade.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Information technology
33) Import restrictions are becoming less important because consumers increasingly want to buy
goods and services produced in their own countries.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking
34) Many companies merge with or acquire other companies to gain operating efficiencies that
help them compete with or become global leaders.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking
35) Governments primarily cooperate through treaties to create a global division of labor.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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36) What are three factors that have led to the increased growth in international business in
recent decades? Which do you think has been most important and why?
Answer:
a. Rapid increase in an expansion of technology—By increasing the demand for new products
and services, technology has tremendous impact on international business. As the demand
increases, so do the number of international business transactions. Improved communications
and transportation speed up interactions and improve managers' ability to control foreign
operations.
b. Liberalization of cross-border movements—Although the past decrease in restrictions has
been erratic, governments have lowered barriers because their citizens have expressed the desire
for better access to a greater variety of goods and services at lower prices. Governments also
reason that their domestic producers will become more efficient as a result of foreign
competition, and they hope to induce other countries to reduce their barriers to international
movements.
c. Increase in global competition—The pressures of increased foreign competition can persuade
a company to expand its business into international markets. Today companies can respond
rapidly to many foreign sales opportunities. If they're experienced in foreign markets, they can
shift production quickly among countries because they can transport goods efficiently from most
places.
d. Growing consumer pressures—Consumers are savvier and have more income. They want to
be able to buy the variety and low-cost products available from anywhere in the world.
e. Development of supporting services—Companies and governments have developed services
that ease international business. Today, producers can be paid relatively easily for goods and
services sold abroad because of bank credit agreements, clearing arrangements that convert one
country's currency into another's, and insurance that covers damage en route and nonpayment by
the buyer.
f. Changing political situations—The schism between communist and noncommunist countries
is basically over, as communist countries have moved toward transitioning their economies;
therefore, trade between these countries has increased.
g. Expanded cross-national cooperation—Countries realize they can't go it alone. They
cooperate to gain reciprocal advantages, to attack problems jointly, and to deal with areas outside
the confines of any country.
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Critical Thinking
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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37) In a short essay, discuss why governments have been liberalizing cross-border movements of
goods, services, and resources.
Answer: Generally, governments today impose fewer restrictions on cross-border movements
than they did a decade or two ago. They have lowered them for the following reasons:
a. Their citizens have expressed the desire for easier access to a greater variety of goods and
services at lower prices.
b. They reason that their domestic producers will become more efficient as a result of foreign
competition.
c. They hope to induce other countries to reduce their barriers to international movements.
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Critical Thinking
Objective: 1-2 Grasp the forces driving globalization and IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
38) Which of the following is the LEAST likely reason that small countries worry about
overdependence caused by globalization?
A) A large country on which they depend may pressure them on political matters.
B) A large international firm may dictate its terms of operations in a small country.
C) A large company may exploit legal loopholes to avoid tax payments.
D) A large country may substantially increase its demand for the small country's production.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Analytical thinking
39) Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a SUPPORTER of
globalization?
A) Globalization encourages the adoption of uniform and superior standards for combating
environmental problems.
B) Economic growth created by globalization is largely in services, which involves the use of
few nonrenewable resources.
C) Global competition discourages resource-saving technologies, which are costly.
D) Air pollution and toxic runoff problems increase with global economic growth.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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40) Limitation of logging in the Amazon region is generally viewed as environmentally
beneficial for the planet as a whole; however, unemployed Brazilian workers have felt that job
creation inside Brazil is more important than climate protection outside Brazil. This example best
illustrates which of the following?
A) why smaller countries are concerned that large international companies are powerful enough
to dictate operating terms
B) why globalization is needed to foster uniform standards for combating environmental
problems
C) how cultural homogeneity threatens the cultural foundation of smaller nations
D) how global interests can conflict with a country's local interests
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Application of knowledge
41) Although globalization may bring economic growth, critics nevertheless contend that
________.
A) the growth is too fast
B) the inequality of gains puts some people in a relatively worse economic situation
C) this growth is mainly for the future, thus ignoring present economic growth needs
D) the cultural foundations of sovereignty are supported by globalization
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Reflective thinking
42) Which of the following statements would most likely NOT be supported by an advocate of
offshoring?
A) Offshoring increases the number of high-value jobs in the home countries of offshoring
companies.
B) Offshoring is fundamentally better for workers than the introduction of labor-saving
technologies.
C) Workers displaced due to offshoring are able to find new jobs as easily as those displaced by
technology.
D) There are upper limits to offshoring because of the lack of skilled workers willing to work
permanently for low wages.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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43) A major criticism of offshoring is that it ________.
A) increases production costs
B) exchanges good jobs for bad jobs
C) threatens the sovereignty of larger countries
D) allows companies to avoid payment of any taxes
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Application of knowledge
44) Critics of offshoring claim all EXCEPT which of the following?
A) Cost savings are seldom passed on to final consumers.
B) Offshoring reduces the incomes of people in low-wage countries.
C) Incomes of workers in countries whose companies offshored production have gone down as a
percentage of national income.
D) Many workers who have been displaced by offshoring do not have the skills needed for
higher-value jobs.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Analytical thinking
45) Supporters of globalization assert that the process helps countries strengthen their
sovereignty.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Analytical thinking
46) A criticism of globalization is that as economic growth increases, too many nonrenewable
resources are used.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning

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47) The process of shifting production to a foreign country is known as outsourcing.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Reflective thinking
48) Critics of offshoring assert that the short-term cost savings derived from offshoring hinder
firms from developing more efficient production methods.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-3 Discuss the major criticisms of globalization
AACSB: Analytical thinking
49) The process of shifting production from a domestic to a foreign location is best known as
________.
A) offshoring
B) outsourcing
C) licensing
D) joint venturing
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
50) Assume that company executives at the firm would like to increase sales by expanding into
an international market. Which of the following factors, if true, best supports a decision to
expand sales globally?
A) It can offshore most of its production.
B) It can obtain all of its resources for the same price overseas.
C) Its costs of making additional sales would not increase disproportionately.
D) The foreign market has higher real interest rates.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Critical Thinking
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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51) Kevin, marketing manager of the North American Bowling League, has decided to televise
major bowling competitions to viewers in multiple countries rather than only in Canada and the
U.S. Which of the following goals would this most likely help Kevin accomplish?
A) acquiring new resources
B) minimizing corporate risks
C) increasing sales and profits
D) obtaining competitive advantages
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Reflective thinking
52) Which of the following BEST explains how a firm reduces risk by operating internationally?
A) taking advantage of business-cycle differences among countries
B) buying competitive risk insurance unavailable domestically
C) preventing competitors from operating in the countries it has entered
D) operating in less competitive environments than those at home
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking
53) Carnival Cruise Lines lowers its taxes by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) hiring host-country nationals who pay no taxes
B) taking advantage of taxation laws in foreign countries
C) sailing in international waters outside countries' tax jurisdiction
D) paying substantial port fees instead of taxes during stopovers
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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54) A flag of convenience is ________.
A) the declaration that a product is made in a country that has easier legal access to a given
foreign market
B) a designation for products originating within a particular trading group
C) the registration of a ship by a shipping company in a country that charges low taxes
D) the indication that a shipping organization can sail in international waters
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
55) By operating internationally, a company may take advantage of business-cycle differences
among countries and thereby reduce its financial risks.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Analytical thinking
56) The terms multinational corporation and multinational company are frequently used
synonyms for strategic alliances.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
57) What are the differences between merchandise and service imports and exports? Provide
examples to illustrate your answer.
Answer:
a. Merchandise exports are tangible products—goods—sent out of a country. Merchandise
imports are goods brought into a country. When a Chinese contractor sends toy action figures
from China to Hasbro in the United States, the contractor exports and Hasbro imports.
b. Service exports and imports generate nonproduct international earnings. The company or
individual receiving payment is making a service export. The company or individual paying is
making a service import. When an American tourist stays at a hotel in London, the hotel stay is
the service export.
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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58) What is foreign direct investment? What social factors in the external environment might
affect FDI?
Answer: In foreign direct investment (FDI), sometimes referred to simply as direct investment,
the investor takes a controlling interest in a foreign company. Control need not be a 100 percent
or even a 50 percent interest; if a foreign investor holds a minority stake and the remaining
ownership is widely dispersed, no other owner may effectively counter the investor's decisions.
A nation's political policies of course affect how international business is conducted within its
borders. In particular, political disputes can disrupt the flow of international business. Domestic
law, which includes both home- and host-country regulations on issues such as taxation and
employment, affects how a company can operate internationally. International law—the legal
agreements between countries—also obviously affects FDI.
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 1-4 Assess the major reasons companies seek to create value by engaging in IB
AACSB: Application of knowledge
59) An example of a U.S. merchandise import is an automobile made in ________ and sold
________.
A) the United States by a Japanese company; in the United States
B) the United States by a Japanese company; outside the United States
C) Japan by a Japanese company; in the United States
D) Japan by a U.S. company; outside the United States
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge
60) Visible exports and imports are ________.
A) merchandise imports and exports
B) the sum total of goods and services traded
C) international transactions paid for in money rather than barter
D) typically a country's least common international economic transactions
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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21
61) An example of a Japanese service export is a visit by a ________.
A) Japanese citizen to Disneyland in the United States
B) Japanese citizen to the Japan Pavilion at Epcot Center in the United States
C) U.S. citizen to the Japan Pavilion at Epcot Center in the United States
D) U.S. citizen to Tokyo Disneyland in Japan
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge
62) Reebok pays a royalty to the German Soccer League to use the team's logo on t-shirts that it
sells. Reebok and the German Soccer League most likely have a ________.
A) turnkey operation contract
B) licensing agreement
C) portfolio investment
D) joint venture
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge
63) A foreign direct investment occurs when ________.
A) a company owns at least 25% of a foreign firm
B) a company has a controlling interest in a foreign company
C) foreign ownership is in private rather than government securities
D) a foreign firm agrees to a licensing agreement with a large conglomerate
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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64) Which term refers to two or more companies that share ownership of an FDI?
A) turnkey operation
B) transnational firm
C) joint venture
D) franchise
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Analytical thinking
65) A multinational enterprise (MNE) is best defined as a firm ________.
A) that is a member of the Fortune 500
B) with foreign business partners
C) involved in global franchising
D) with foreign direct investments
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Analytical thinking
66) The term used by the United Nations as a synonym for multinational enterprise is ________.
A) multinational corporation
B) transnational company
C) international firm
D) born-global
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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67) The owner of a U.S. football team and the owner of a Canadian hockey team purchase a
British soccer team. This is an example of a ________.
A) royalty
B) portfolio investment
C) turnkey operation
D) joint venture
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Analytical thinking
68) The production of goods by a French company in Italy for sale in Italy is an example of an
Italian merchandise import.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge
69) When a U.S. citizen flies Japan Airlines, the airline acts as a service exporter for Japan.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge
70) A joint venture is an example of a portfolio investment.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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24
71) The ownership of foreign bonds is an example of a portfolio investment.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge
72) The fact that a company is the market leader in one country is no guarantee that it will be the
leader in another country.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Analytical thinking
73) What is a multinational enterprise (MNE)? How do physical and social factors affect how an
MNE functions in a foreign country?
Answer: The multinational enterprise (MNE) is a company that takes a global approach to
foreign markets and production. It is willing to consider market and production locations
anywhere in the world. However, most writers use the term to mean any company with
operations in more than one country. Physical factors, such as a country's geography or
demography, and social factors, such as its politics, law, culture, and economy, influence the
functioning of an MNE. Physical and social factors can affect how companies produce and
market products, staff operations, and even maintain accounts. Geographic barriers—mountains,
deserts, jungles, and so forth—often affect communications and distribution channels. And the
chance of natural disasters and adverse climatic conditions (hurricanes, floods, droughts,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis) can make business riskier in some areas than in
others, while affecting supplies, prices, and operating conditions in far-off countries.
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Synthesis
Objective: 1-5 Define and illustrate the different operating modes for companies to accomplish
their international objectives
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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25
74) Managers who are knowledgeable about ________ are better able to identify the location,
quantity, quality, and availability of the world's natural resources.
A) political factors
B) geographic factors
C) competitive factors
D) cultural factors
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Analytical thinking
75) Although the U.S. film industry depends heavily on revenue in foreign countries, revenue
from international markets is usually low for a sports-themed film. This is most likely due to
________ factors.
A) political
B) geographic
C) behavioral (cultural)
D) legal
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Application of knowledge
76) In addition to understanding the laws affecting business in countries where their companies
operate, it is most important for managers to understand the ________.
A) methods for appointing local judges
B) ethical rationale behind the laws
C) history of the local legal system
D) degree of law enforcement
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the role of ethics and social responsibility in international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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26
77) Some key ________ factors in a company's international business external environment are
its product strategy and access to resources.
A) geographic
B) political
C) competitive
D) behavioral
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Reflective thinking
78) The same automobile company produces Fiats and Ferraris. The company builds an engine
plant in China with low production costs for Fiats but not Ferraris. The probable reason is that
________.
A) Fiat competes mainly on a focus strategy, whereas Ferrari competes mainly on a mass-market
strategy
B) Fiat competes mainly on a mass-market strategy, whereas Ferrari competes mainly on a focus
strategy
C) Ferrari faces global competitors in China, whereas Fiat competes in China mainly against
Chinese competitors
D) although Ferrari did not build an engine plant, it will use the same Fiat engines in its models
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Application of knowledge
79) Elway, a computer firm, has high foreign sales in Asia and wants to expand sales into
Europe. Which of the following statements provides the most appropriate advice for Elway
executives?
A) Although countries' market sizes differ, companies usually face about the same number of
competitors in each national market.
B) In most industries, companies face the same competitors in each country where they operate.
C) It takes about the same amount of resources to gain national distribution in one country versus
another.
D) Being a leader in one country does not guarantee market leadership in another country.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Define the fundamental concepts of international business
Skill: Critical Thinking
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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27
80) When companies face the same competitors in almost all countries where they operate,
________.
A) what they learn about one another in one country is useful in predicting the others' strategies
and actions elsewhere
B) the market leader is the same everywhere
C) there is less need to understand the physical and societal factors of each country
D) they are less likely to enter joint ventures with other companies
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Analytical thinking
81) The view that globalization is inevitable is most likely based on the belief that ________.
A) international organizations will replace nation-states
B) protesters against globalization will be persuaded to change their views
C) people want more global homogeneity of cultures
D) technical advances in transportation and communications are highly persistent
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Analytical thinking
82) Critics of the view that regionalization will prevail over globalization most likely base their
argument on the belief that ________.
A) regionalization is a transition stage toward globalization
B) neighboring countries are more apt to disagree politically than distant countries
C) neighboring countries are too geographically similar to benefit from trade
D) business in non-territorial areas is not regional
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Reflective thinking

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28
83) Which of the following is NOT a common argument for the slowing of future globalization?
A) Antiglobalization interests have been successful in electing parties that oppose freer
movement of trade or people.
B) Technological, transportation, and communication advances will decline in the near future.
C) Major countries have either ignored certain international treaties or have refused to sign them.
D) The growing split between those who succeed in a global environment and those who do not
will foster greater antiglobalization sentiments.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Reflective thinking
84) Some observers feel that international institutions and the people working in them cannot
adequately handle the complexities of an interconnected world. Based on this, these observers
believe that ________.
A) globalization will slow in the future
B) globalization is nevertheless inevitable
C) international business will grow primarily on a regional basis
D) private companies will replace international organizations in running the world's economy
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Reflective thinking
85) Geographical barriers typically affect distribution channels within countries, but they rarely
affect distribution channels between countries.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Analytical thinking

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29
86) Managers need to understand not only the laws of countries where they operate, but also how
those laws are enforced.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the role of ethics and social responsibility in international business
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Reflective thinking
87) A company with limited resources is more likely to achieve national distribution within a
small country than within a large country.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Analytical thinking
88) The view that regionalization, rather than globalization, will prevail in the future is largely
based on the use of common languages among countries in a region.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss trends in and the debate over globalization
Skill: Concept
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Reflective thinking
89) In a short essay, identify and explain three competitive factors that influence international
businesses.
Answer:
a. Product strategy—A company's choice of strategy, either cost or differentiation, plays a part
in determining how and where the company will operate.
b. Company resources and experience—A company's size, resources, and experience in
comparison to competitors' affects how it will operate in international markets. In addition, a
company's national market share and brand recognition will affect the operating tactics it
employs.
c. Competitors faced in each market—Success for a company in any market will always be
influenced by the strategies and operations of competitors within the market.
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: Summarize the main entry strategies and modes that businesses use to enter
into foreign markets
Skill: Application
Objective: 1-6 Recognize why national differences in companies' external environments affect
how they may best improve their IB performance
AACSB: Application of knowledge

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1
International Business: Environments and Operations, 16e (Daniels et al.)
Chapter 2 The Cultural Environments Facing Business
1) ________ consists of specific learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs of a group
of people.
A) Ethnology
B) Civilization
C) Culture
D) Doctrine
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 2-1 Explain why culture, especially national culture, is important in IB, but tricky to
assess
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
2) Which of the following is NOT true about cultural diversity?
A) Companies may gain competitive advantages by bringing together people of diverse
backgrounds.
B) Cultural diversity is most successful when domestic and foreign firms establish joint ventures.
C) Cultural diversity may help a company gain deeper knowledge about products and services.
D) The process of bringing people of different national cultures together is often difficult.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: Explain how differences in culture affect the international business
environment
Skill: Concept
Objective: 2-1 Explain why culture, especially national culture, is important in IB, but tricky to
assess
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
3) When divergent cultures come in contact, ________ occurs.
A) power distance
B) culture shock
C) cultural collision
D) group membership
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Concept
Objective: 2-1 Explain why culture, especially national culture, is important in IB, but tricky to
assess
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments

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